Effects of residual apple fermentation products on continuous cropping soil environment and the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.028

Abstract

Abstract: Effects of fermented apple products on the growth of continuous cropping Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and soil environment were examined in a pot experiment to provide theoretical basis for apple replant disease. There were four treatments, the replanted soil (control, CK), sterilized replant soil (T₁), replanted soil applied with apple fermentation products (T₂), and replanted soil applied with sterilized apple fermentation products (T₃). The results showed that T₁, T₂ and T₃ significantly promoted seedlings growth, with better performance of T₁ and T₂. T₁ increased root respiration rate, plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight by 107.3%, 50.6%, 42.4%, 171.7%, 225.3%, while T₃ increased them by 104.4%, 50.6%, 42.3%, 171.8%, 225.5%, respectively over CK. T₂ and T₃ increased the activities of nutrient conversion-related enzymes in continuous cropping soil. T₂ increased the activities of catalase, urease, neutral phosphatase and sucrase by 44.5%, 169.5%, 23.4%, 169.3%, while T₃ increased them by 23.7%, 72.6%, 1.5%, 121.5%, respectively. Catalase and sucrase activities under T₁ treatment did not differ from that in CK, whereas their urease and neutral phosphatase activities were reduced by 40.8% and 41.6%, respectively. The contents of ammonium, nitrate, available phosphorus and available potassium in T₂ soil were increased by 18.6%, 50.6%, 14.0% and 36.7% respectively. T₃ only increased the content of available nitrogen, with ammonium and nitrate being increased by 7.0% and 23.6% respectively. The content of available nutrients of T₁ decreased compared with CK. T₁ and T₂ significantly reduced the abundance of actinomycetes and fungi in soil and increased that of bacteria. The abundance of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in T₃ treatment were all significantly decreased. Results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR analysis showed that the gene copies of Fusarium proliferaturn, F. moniliforme, F. solani and F. oxysporum in T₁, T₂ and T₃ were ecreased to different degrees. Apple fermented product could inhibit soil pathogen in replanted orchard soil, improve soil environment, and promote seedling growth, which could be used to alleviate the apple replant disease.

Key words: apple replant disease, residual apple fermentation product, soil nutrient, soil microorganism

DU Wen-yan, WANG Mei, YAN Zhu-bing, WANG Jian-feng, CHEN Xue-sen, SHEN Xiang, YIN Cheng-miao, MAO Zhi-quan. Effects of residual apple fermentation products on continuous cropping soil environment and the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1443-1450.

References

[1] 陈学森, 韩明玉, 苏桂林, 等. 当今世界苹果产业发展趋势及我国苹果产业优质高效发展意见. 果树学报, 2010, 27(4): 598-604 [Chen X-S, Han M-Y, Su G-L, et al. Discussion on today’s world apple industry trends and the suggestions on sustainable and efficient development of apple industry in China. Journal of Fruit Science, 2010, 27(4): 598-604]
[2] 白茹. 苹果连作障碍中自毒作用的研究. 博士论文. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2009 [Bai R. Autointoxication in Apple Replant Disease. PhD Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2009]
[3] Laurent AS, Merwin IA, Thies JE. Long-term orchard groundcover management systems affect soil microbial communities and apple replant disease severity. Plant and Soil, 2008, 304: 209-225
[4] 何铁柱, 何铁锁, 乔艳, 等. 用调节土壤微生物平衡的理念诠释温室秸秆反应堆的使用效果. 农业科技通讯, 2009(7): 97-98 [He T-Z, He T-S, Qiao Y, et al. Using the concept of regulating soil microbial balance to explain the use of greenhouse straw reactors. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009(7): 97-98]
[5] 刁亚娟. 酵素菌肥对番茄生长发育及其土壤养分含量的影响. 硕士论文. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2008 [Diao Y-J. The Effect of Ferment Fertilizer on the Growth and Development, and the Content of Nutrient in Soil of Tomato. Master Thesis. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2008]
[6] 陈倩, 刘善江, 李亚星. 我国酵素菌技术概况及应用现状. 安徽农业科学, 2012, 40(23): 11612-11615 [Chen Q, Liu S-J, Li Y-X. General situation and application of BYM technology in China. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2012, 40(23): 11612-11615]
[7] 马欣, 郭俊花, 许先猛. 苹果渣发酵酵素菌肥对小麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响. 上海农业学报, 2018, 34(3): 28-31 [Ma X, Guo J-H, Xu X-M. Effects of ferment fertilizer fermented by apple pomace on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2018, 34(3): 28-31]
[8] 林聪, 陈江辉, 丁安娜. 酵素菌肥对高橙生长的影响初探. 上海农业科技, 2016(5): 105 [Lin C, Chen J-H, Ding A-N. Preliminary study on the effect of enzyme fertilizer on the growth of high orange. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016(5): 105]
[9] 段淇斌, 赵冬青, 姚拓, 等. 施用生物菌肥对饲用玉米生长和土壤微生物数量的影响. 草原与草坪, 2015, 35(2): 54-58 [Duan Q-B, Zhao D-Q, Yao T, et al. Effects of using biofertilizer on forage maize growth and soil microbial number. Grassland and Turf, 2015, 35(2): 54-58]
[10] 王继红, 王秋利, 杨帆, 等. 酵素菌肥对栽参土壤生物学性质的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2008, 52(7): 40-41 [Wang J-H, Wang Q-L, Yang F, et al. Effect of ferment bacteria fertilizer on biological properties of ginseng planting soil. Journal of Northeast Forestry Univer-sity, 2008, 52(7): 40-41]
[11] 马惠玲, 马艳萍, 李晓明. 苹果渣污染根治与综合利用的体系化技术. 西北林学院学报, 2003, 20(1): 99-101 [Ma H-L, Ma Y-P, Li X-M. The systematic technologies of harness and integrated utilization of apple pomace. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2003, 20(1): 99-101]
[12] 毛建卫, 吴元锋, 方晟. 微生物酵素研究进展. 发酵科技通讯, 2010, 39(3): 42-44 [Mao J-W, Wu Y-F, Fang S. Progress in microbial enzyme research. Fermentation Technology Newsletter, 2010, 39(3): 42-44]
[13] 冯蕾, 赵运林, 彭姣, 等. 酵素菌微生物在农业生产中的应用进展. 现代农业科技, 2016(1): 220-223 [Feng L, Zhao Y-L, Peng J, et al. Advance on application of development of microbial fertilizer enzyme. Mo-dern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016(1): 220-223]
[14] 刘治权, 郭洪满. 水稻应用酵素菌肥初探. 农业与技术, 2007, 27(1): 37-39 [Liu Z-Q, Guo H-M. Preliminary study on application of enzyme fertilizer in rice. Agriculture and Technology, 2007, 27(1): 37-39]
[15] 潘晓峰, 郑毅, 陈树良, 等. 微生物酵素菌肥在萝卜上的应用效果. 吉林蔬菜, 2010(6): 68-69 [Pan X-F, Zheng Y, Chen S-L, et al. Effects of microbial enzymes fertilizer application on the radish. Jilin Vegetables, 2010(6): 68-69]
[16] 高艳敏, 王家民, 沈永波, 等. 果树施用酵素菌肥的试验简报. 北方果树, 2002(1): 9-10 [Gao Y-M, Wang J-M, Shen Y-B, et al. Trial report on application of enzyme fertilizer in fruit trees. Northern Fruits, 2002(1): 9-10]
[17] 李艳萍, 贾小红, 王艳辉, 等. 酵素有机肥对京郊桃的产量品质与贮藏性的影响. 北方园艺, 2016(7): 41-43 [Li Y-P, Jia X-H, Wang Y-H, et al. Effects of enzyme organic fertilizer application on peach yield qua-lity and storage property in Beijing Suburb. Northern Horticulture, 2016(7): 41-43]
[18] 毛志泉, 王丽琴, 沈向, 等. 有机物料对平邑甜茶实生苗根系呼吸强度的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2004, 11(2): 171-175 [Mao Z-Q, Wang L-Q, Shen X, et al. Effect of organic materials on respiration intensity of annual Malus hupehensis Rehd. root system. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2004, 11(2): 171-175]
[19] 关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法. 北京: 农业出版社, 1986: 274-340 [Guan S-Y. Soil Enzymes and the Research Methods. Beijing: Agriculture Press, 1986: 274-340]
[20] 侯慧杰. 密植对春玉米冠层和根区土壤氮磷钾养分的时空分布特点影响研究. 硕士论文. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2018 [Hou H-J. Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Soil NPK Nutrient in Spring Maize Canopy and Root Zone. Master Thesis. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2018]
[21] 沈萍, 陈向东. 微生物学实验. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2007: 15-28 [Shen P, Chen X-D. Microbiology Experiment. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2007: 15-28]
[22] 秦亚芬, 张杰. 液体复合微生物菌剂对小麦萌发及生长的影响. 上海农业学报, 2016, 32(1): 47-51 [Qin Y-F, Zhang J. Effects of liquid compound microbial agent on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai, 2016, 32(1): 47-51]
[23] 闫晓哲. 苹果渣乳酸发酵综合利用及其发酵动力学研究. 硕士论文. 西安: 陕西科技大学, 2018 [Yan X-Z. Comprehensive Utilization of Apple Pomace through Lactic Acid Fermentation and Studies on the Fermentation Kinetics. Master Thesis. Xi’an: Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, 2018]
[24] 卫伟. 苹果渣活性蛋白饲料固态发酵过程中主要成分的变化规律. 硕士论文. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2014 [Wei W. Change Rules of Major Composition in Apple Pomace Fermentation Producing of Active Protein Feed. Master Thesis. Yangling: Northwest A&F University, 2014]
[25] 包万柱, 布拉嘎, 刘志鹏, 等. 酵素处理对紫苏生长发育及抗逆性的影响. 南方农业, 2019, 13(18): 145-146 [Bao W-Z, Bu L-G, Liu Z-P, et al. Effect of enzyme treatment on growth and stress resistance of Perilla. South China Agriculture, 2019, 13(18): 145-146]
[26] 潘凤兵, 王海燕, 王晓芳, 等. 蚓粪减轻苹果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗连作障碍的土壤生物学机制. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2019, 25(6): 925-932 [Pan F-B, Wang H-Y, Wang X-F, et al. Biological mechanism of vermicompost reducing the replant disease of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019, 25(6): 925-932]
[27] Gil-Sotres F, Trasar-Cepeda C, Leiróe MC, et al. Different approaches to evaluating soil quality using biochemical properties. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2005, 37: 877-887
[28] 张学鹏, 宁堂原, 杨燕, 等. 不同浓度石灰氮对黄瓜连作土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(10): 3073-3082 [Zhang X-P, Ning T-Y, Yang Y, et al. Effects of different application rates of calcium cyanamide on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity in cucumber continuous cropping. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(10): 3073-3082]
[29] 陆姣云. 施氮磷肥对黄土高原不同生长阶段紫花苜蓿叶片养分重吸收的影响. 博士论文. 兰州: 兰州大学, 2019 [Lu J-Y. Effects of N and P Fertilizations on Leaf Nutrient Resorption of Alfalfa at Different Growth Stages in the Loess Plateau. PhD Thesis. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2019]
[30] 王青凤, 孙权, 王锐. 酵素菌肥施用量对日光温室土壤及芹菜产量品质的影响. 北方园艺, 2011(3): 41-43 [Wang Q-F, Sun Q, Wang R. Effect of different microbial organic manure application on quality and yield of celery and soil properties in greenhouse. Northern Horticulture, 2011(3): 41-43]
[31] 李家家. 葱与平邑甜茶幼苗混作对连作土壤环境的影响. 硕士论文. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2016 [Li J-J. Effects of Chinese Onion and Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedling Mixed Cropping on Replanted Soil Environment. Master Thesis. Tai’an: Shandong Agricultural University, 2016]
[32] 张晶, 张惠文, 李新宇, 等. 土壤真菌多样性及分子生态学研究进展. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(10): 1958-1962 [Zhang J, Zhang H-W, Li X-Y, et al. Research advances in soil fungal diversity and molecular ecology. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 15(10): 1958-1962]
[33] 马子清, 段亚楠, 沈向, 等. 不同作物与再植苹果幼树混栽对再植植株及土壤环境的影响. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(19): 3815-3822 [Ma Z-Q, Duan Y-N, Shen X, et al. Effect of different intercropping types on the growth of replanted apple tree and soil environment. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(19): 3815-3822]