Vertical distribution characteristics of plant community in shady slope of degraded tiankeng talus: A case study of Zhanyi Shenxiantang in Yunnan, China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.004

Abstract

Abstract: We investigated the characteristics of plant species diversity in tree and shurb layers and the main influencing factors in different slope positions of a shady slope of degraded tiankeng talus. The results showed that there were 21 species in 17 genera and 13 families in the tree layer, and 20 species in 20 genera and 14 families in shrub layer in the south side of the Shenxiantang. Plant communities were subtropical moist coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Micro-climate led to obvious vegetation variation between the pit and the pit slope at the tiankeng. The secondary collapse over the talus with mid-slope could conserve more water, which supported the water-demanding species in a high-quality niche. All the α diversity indices including Margalef (3.58), Shannon (2.47), Simpson (0.79) and Pielou (0.86) reached the maximum at the pit bottom edge with slight variability, and the maximum coefficient of variation was only 0.226. The β diversity index fluctuated greatly among the pit-pit, slope-pit, bottom edge. The Routledge and Whilson-Shmida indices showed the trends of decrease-increase-decrease, with the maximum values of 15.95 and 1.20, respectively. Species turnover demonstrated the upward trend overall, and the number of co-species was decreased. Plant diversity on each slope position was mainly related to the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and organic carbon in soil. Soil was the most important factor leading to the difference among slope positions.

Key words: tiankeng, talus, plant community, species diversity

ZHU Su-feng, JIANG Cong, SHUI Wei, GUO Ping-ping, ZHANG Yong-yong, FENG Jie, GAO Chen, BAO Yu-zhen. Vertical distribution characteristics of plant community in shady slope of degraded tiankeng talus: A case study of Zhanyi Shenxiantang in Yunnan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1496-1504.

References

[1] Siefert A, Fridley J, Ritchie M. Community functional responses to soil and climate at multiple spatial scales: When does intraspecific variation matter? PLoS One, 2014, 9(10): e111189
[2] Woodward F, Mckee I. Vegetation and climate. Environment International, 1991, 17: 535-546
[3] Punchi-Manage R, Getzin S, Wiegand T, et al. Effects of topography on structuring local species assemblages in a Sri Lankan mixed dipterocarp forest. Journal of Eco-logy, 2013, 101: 149-160
[4] Dai N, Hirabuki Y, Mochida Y. Influence of micro-landforms on forest structure, tree death and recruitment in a Japanese temperate mixed forest. Ecological Research, 2003, 18: 533-547
[5] 高俊峰, 马克明, 祁建, 等. 北京东灵山地区农耕干扰和环境梯度对植物多样性的影响. 西北植物学报2008, 28(12): 2506-2513 [Gao J-F, Ma K-M, Qi J, et al. Effects of anthropogenic disturbance and environmental pattern on plant diversity in Dongling Mountain, Beijing, China. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2008, 28(12): 2506-2513]
[6] 孙青, 王树森, 赵淑文, 等. 辽河流域关门砬子水库入库河口区不同坡位植物群落多样性变化研究. 内蒙古大学学报, 2014, 45(6): 591-598 [Sun Q, Wang S-S, Zhao S-W, et al. Species diversity of diffe-rent plant communities at estuary of Guanmenlazi Reservoir, Liao River Basin. Journal of Inner Mongolia University, 2014, 45(6): 591-598]
[7] Currie DJ, Paquin V. Large-scale biogeographical patterns of species richness of trees. Nature, 1987, 329: 326
[8] Currie DJ, Mittelbach GG, Cornell HV, et al. Predictions and tests of climate-based hypotheses of broad-scale variation in taxonomic richness. Ecology Letters, 2004, 7: 1121-1134
[9] 吴昊, 王得祥, 黄青平, 等. 环境因子对秦岭南坡中段松栎混交林物种多样性的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报, 2012, 40(9): 41-50 [Wu H, Wang D-X, Huang Q-P, et al. Influence of environmental factors on species diversity of pine-oak mixed forest in the middle part of south Qinling Mountains. Journal of Northwest A&F University, 2012, 40(9): 41-50]
[10] 汪殿蓓, 暨淑仪, 陈飞鹏. 植物群落物种多样性研究综述. 生态学杂志, 2001, 20(4): 55-60 [Wang D-B, Ji S-Y, Chen F-P. A review on the species diversity of plant community. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2001, 20(4): 55-60]
[11] 税伟, 陈毅萍, 王雅文, 等. 中国喀斯特天坑研究起源、进展与展望. 地理学报, 2015, 70(3): 431-446 [Shui W, Chen Y-P, Wang Y-W, et al. Origination, study progress and prospect of karst tiankeng research in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(3): 431-446]
[12] 简小枚, 税伟, 王亚楠, 等. 重度退化的喀斯特天坑草地物种多样性及群落稳定性——以云南沾益退化天坑为例. 生态学报, 2018, 38(13): 4704-4714 [Jian X-M, Shui W, Wang Y-N, et al. Species diversity and stability of grassland plant community in heavily-degraded karst tiankeng: A case study of Zhanyi tiankeng in Yunnan, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(13): 4704-4714]
[13] 苏宇乔, 薛跃规, 范蓓蓓, 等. 广西流星天坑植物群落结构与多样性. 西北植物学报, 2016, 36(11): 2300-2306 [Su Y-Q, Xue Y-G, Fan B-B, et al. Plant community structure and species diversity in Liuxing Tiankeng of Guangxi. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2016, 36(11): 2300-2306]
[14] 简小枚, 税伟, 陈毅萍, 等. 云南中度退化的喀斯特天坑草地植物群落优势种种间关系. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 492-500 [Jian X-M, Shui W, Chen Y-P, et al. Interspecific relationships of dominant species in the grassland community of moderately degraded tiankeng of Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2): 492-500]
[15] 李承义, 张朝晖, 吴金, 等. 天坑洞穴群苔类群落分布规律与环境因子关系——以贵州猴耳天坑为例. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 744-752 [Li C-Y, Zhang C-H, Wu J, et al. Distribution pattern of liverwort community in relation to environmental factors of caves in karst tiankeng: A case study of Monkey-ear Tiankeng of Guizou Province. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38(3): 744-752]
[16] 吴金, 李承义, 李小芳, 等. 喀斯特天坑内孔雀藓科植物垂直分布特征及其与环境因子关系的研究. 植物研究, 2019, 39(1): 45-53 [Wu J, Li C-Y, Li X-F, et al. Vertical distribution of hypopterygiaceae and their relationship with environmental factors in karst tiankeng. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2019, 39(1): 45-53]
[17] 郭平平, 税伟, 江聪, 等. 退化天坑倒石坡林下优势物种生态位特征. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(11): 3635-3645 [Guo P-P, Shui W, Jiang C, et al. Niche characteristics of understory dominant specie of talus slope in degraded tiankeng. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(11): 3635-3645]
[18] 胡秋红. 海峰湿地宿营旅游开发适宜度实证研究. 硕士论文. 昆明: 云南大学, 2016 [Hu Q-H. Haifeng Wetland Suitability Camping Tourism Development Research. Master Thesis. Kunming: Yunnan University, 2016]
[19] 税伟, 陈毅萍, 简小枚, 等. 喀斯特原生天坑植物群落空间格局特征——以云南沾益天坑为例. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(6): 1725-1735 [Shui W, Chen Y-P, Jian X-M, et al. Spatial pattern of plant community in original karst tiankeng: A case study of Zhanyi tiankeng in Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(6): 1725-1735]
[20] Körmöczi L, Bátori Z, Erdõs L, et al. The role of randomization tests in vegetation boundary detection with moving split-window analysis. Journal of Vegetation Science, 2016, 27: 1288-1296
[21] 马克平, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法. Ⅰ. α多样性的测度方法. 生物多样性, 1995, 2(1): 231-239 [Ma K-P, Liu M-Y. The measurement method of community diversity. Ⅰ. The measurement method of α diversity. Biodiversity Science, 1995, 2(1): 231-239]
[22] 马克平, 刘灿然, 刘玉明. 生物群落多样性的测度方法. Ⅱ. β多样性的测度方法. 生物多样性, 1995, 3(1): 38-43 [Ma K-P, Liu C-R, Liu M-Y. The mea-surement method of community diversity. Ⅱ. The mea-surement method of β diversity. Biodiversity Science, 1995, 3(1): 38-43]
[23] 李婷婷, 姬兰柱, 于大炮, 等. 东北阔叶红松林群落分类、排序及物种多样性比较. 生态学报, 2019, 39(2): 620-628 [Li T-T, Ji L-Z, Yu D-P, et al. Forest community classification, ordination, and comparison of species diversity in broadleaved-Korean pine mixed forests of Northeast China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(2): 620-628]
[24] 郑丽婷, 苏田, 刘翔宇, 等. 庙岛群岛典型植物群落物种、功能、结构多样性及其对环境因子的响应. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 343-351 [Zheng L-T, Su T, Liu X-Y, et al. Species, functional, structural diversity of typical plant communities and their responses to environmental factors in Miao Archipelago, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(2): 343-351]
[25] Bátori Z, Farkas T, Erdõs L, et al. A comparison of the vegetation of forested and non-forested solution dolines in Hungary: A preliminary study. Biologia, 2014, 69: 1339-1348
[26] 税伟, 陈毅萍, 简小枚, 等. 喀斯特原生天坑垂直梯度上植物多样性特征——以云南沾益天坑为例. 山地学报, 2018, 36(1): 53-62 [Shui W, Chen Y-P, Jian X-M, et al. Plant diversity characteristics of original karst tiankeng along vertical gradient: A case study of Zhanyi Tiankeng in Yunnan Province, China. Mountain Research, 2018, 36(1): 53-62]
[27] 范得芳, 王得祥, 柴宗政, 等. 环境因子对秦岭锐齿栎群落物种分布及多样性的影响. 西北农林科技大学学报, 2016, 44(10): 59-67 [Fan D-F, Wang D-X, Cai Z-Z, et al. Effects of environmental factors on species distribution and diversity of Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata community in Qinling Mountains. Journal of Northwest A&F University, 2016, 44(10): 59-67]
[28] 文丽, 宋同清, 杜虎, 等. 中国西南喀斯特植物群落演替特征及驱动机制. 生态学报, 2015, 35(17): 5822-5833 [Wen L, Song T-Q, Du H, et al. The succession characteristics and its driving mechanism of plant community in karst region, Southwest China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(17): 5822-5833]
[29] 杜虎, 彭晚霞, 宋同清, 等. 桂北喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落特征及其与土壤的耦合关系. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 197-208 [Du H, Peng W-X, Song T-Q, et al. Plant community characteristics and its coupling relationships with soil in depressions between karst hills, North Guangxi, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 197-208]
[30] Kreft H, Jetz W. Global patterns and determinants of vascular plant diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104: 5925-5930