Estimation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in Dajiuhu peatland of Shennongjia based on FAO56 Penman-Monteith

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.018

Abstract

Abstract: We collected evapotranspiration data of Dajiuhu peatland in Shennongjia from 2016 to 2017 with eddy covariance method and estimated the value of crop coefficient (K_c) using FAO56 Penman-Monteith equation and the linear relationship between actual evapotranspiration (ET_a) and referenced evapotranspiration (ET₀). We analyzed the characteristics of referenced evapotranspiration and its main influencing factors and calculated the crop coefficient of the wetland dominated by Sphagnum. The results showed that the daily averaged ET_a were 1.63 and 1.38 mm·d^-1 in 2016 and 2017, the daily averaged ET₀ were 1.61 and 1.23 mm·d^-1 in 2016 and 2017. Environmental factors influencing ET₀ included net radiation, air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, wind speed, and relative humidity. The K_c values for the growing seasons of 2016, 2017, and 2016-2017 were 0.95 (R² of linear regression between ET_a and ET₀ was 0.96), 1.03 (R²=0.95), and 0.98 (R²=0.95). The K_c values in 2016, 2017, and 2016-2017 were 0.92 (R²=0.94), 0.95 (R²=0.89), and 0.93 (R²=0.92). K_c was effective in the range of 0.92-1.03 for the wetland dominated by Sphagnum. The identified parameters could be widely used in studies on climate change, ecosystem services, and water management in peatlands.

Key words: peatland, actual evapotranspiration, reference evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, Penman-Monteith equation

HU Chen, GE Ji-wen, XU Xiang-nan, TAN Yu-song, YUAN Chen-hao. Estimation of evapotranspiration and crop coefficient in Dajiuhu peatland of Shennongjia based on FAO56 Penman-Monteith[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1699-1706.

References

[1] Carrillo-Rojas G, Silva B, Rollenbeck R, et al. The breathing of the Andean highlands: Net ecosystem exchange and evapotranspiration over the Páramo of southern Ecuador. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2019, 265: 30-47
[2] Ji XB, Chen JM, Zhao WZ, et al. Comparison of hourly and daily Penman-Monteith grass- and alfalfa-reference evapotranspiration equations and crop coefficients for maize under arid climatic conditions. Agricultural Water Management, 2017, 192: 1-11
[3] 贾志军, 韩琳, 王鸽, 等. 三江平原典型下垫面FAO Penman-Monteith模型适用性分析. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(5): 1327-1334 [Jia Z-J, Han L, Wang G, et al. Adaptability analysis of FAO Penman-Monteith model over typical underlying surfaces in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(5): 1327-1334]
[4] 韩宇平, 张丽璇, 王春颖, 等. 寒区湿地实际蒸散发动态特征及影响因素研究. 南水北调与水利科技, 2018, 16(1): 28-34 [Han Y-P, Zhang L-X, Wang C-Y, et al. Dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of actual evapotranspiration in cold wetland. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science, 2018, 16(1): 28-34]
[5] 于文颖, 纪瑞鹏, 贾庆宇, 等. 基于改进的双作物系数法估算辽河三角洲芦苇湿地蒸散量. 生态学报, 2020, 40(1): 1-11 [Yu W-Y, Ji R-P, Jia Q-Y, et al. Evapotranspiration estimation of Phragmites australis wetland in Liaohe River Delta based on the improved dual crop coefficient method. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(1): 1-11]
[6] 贾志军, 姬兴杰. 三江平原毛苔草沼泽蒸散量模拟研究. 湿地科学, 2014, 12(4): 409-418 [Jia Z-J, Ji X-J. Modelling evapotranspiration of Carex lasiocarpa marshes in Sanjiang Plain. Wetland Science, 2014, 12(4): 409-418]
[7] 王昊, 许士国, 孙砳石. 扎龙湿地芦苇沼泽蒸散耗水预测. 生态学报, 2006, 26(5): 1352-1358 [Wang H, Xu S-G, Sun L-S. The prediction on reed swamp evapotranspiration in Zhalong Wetland, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(5): 1352-1358]
[8] 何报寅, 张穗, 蔡述明. 近2600年神农架大九湖泥炭的气候变化记录. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2003, 23(2): 109-115 [He B-Y, Zhang S, Cai S-M. Clima-tic changes recorded in peat from the Daijiu Lake basin in Shennongjia since the last 2600 years. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2003, 23(2): 109-115]
[9] 杜耘, 蔡述明, 王学雷, 等. 神农架大九湖亚高山湿地环境背景与生态恢复. 长江流域资源与环境, 2008, 17(6): 915-919 [Du Y, Cai S-M, Wang X-L, et al. Environmental background and ecological restoration of the Dajiuhu subalpine wetland in Mt. Shengnong-jia. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2008, 17(6): 915-919]
[10] 罗涛, 伦子健, 顾延生, 等. 神农架大九湖湿地植物群落调查与生态保护研究. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(2): 153-160 [Luo T, Lun Z-J, Gu Y-S, et al. Plant community survey and ecological protection of Dajiuhu wetlands in Shennongjia Area. Wetland Science, 2015, 13(2): 153-160]
[11] 李艳元, 葛继稳, 彭凤姣, 等. 神农架大九湖泥炭湿地CH₄通量特征及其影响因子. 地球科学, 2017, 42(5): 832-842[Li Y-Y, Ge J-W, Peng F-J, et al. Characteristics of methane flux and their effect factors on Dajiuhu of Shengnongjia. Earth Science, 2017, 42(5): 832-842]
[12] Baldocchi D. FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor and energy flux densities. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society, 2001, 82: 2415-2434
[13] 王炳亮, 李国胜. 1961—2010年辽河三角洲参考蒸散发变化特征及主导因子分析. 地理科学, 2014, 34(10): 1233-1238 [Wang B-L, Li G-S. Quantification of the reasons for reference evapotranspiration changes over the Liaohe Delta, Northeast China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(10): 1233-1238]
[14] 曹雯, 申双和, 段春锋. 西北地区生长季参考作物蒸散变化成因的定量分析. 地理学报, 2011, 66(3): 407-415 [Cao W, Shen S-H, Duan C-F. Quantification of the causes for reference crop evapotranspiration changes in growing season in Northwest China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(3): 407-415]
[15] 尹云鹤, 吴绍洪, 戴尔阜. 1971—2008年我国潜在蒸散时空演变的归因. 科学通报, 2010, 55(22): 2226-2234 [Yin Y-H, Wu S-H, Dai E-F. Determining factors in potential evapotranspiration changes over China in the period 1971-2008. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2010, 55(22): 2226-2234]
[16] Pereira LS, Allen RG, Smith M, et al. Crop evapotranspiration estimation with FAO56: Past and future. Agricultural Water Management, 2015, 147: 4-20
[17] Nandagiri L, Kovoor G. Performance evaluation of refe-rence evapotranspiration equations across a range of Indian climates. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2006, 132: 238-249
[18] Binet S, Gogo S, Laggoun-Defarge F, et al. A water-table dependent reservoir model to investigate the effect of drought and vascular plant invasion on peatland hydrology. Journal of Hydrology, 2013, 499: 132-139
[19] Gerling L, Weber TKD, Reineke D, et al. Eddy cova-riance based surface-atmosphere exchange and crop coefficient determination in a mountainous peatland. Ecohydrology, 2018, 12: 1-14
[20] 李国军. 甘南亚高山草甸水分与能量耦合对生产力的影响. 中国草地学报, 2020, 42(1): 101-109 [Li G-J. Effect of water and energy coupling on productivity in the subalpine meadow of Gannan. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2020, 42(1): 101-109]
[21] Zhou L, Zhou G. Measurement and modelling of evapotranspiration over a reed (Phragmites australis) marsh in Northeast China. Journal of Hydrology, 2009, 372: 41-47
[22] 王建兵, 王素萍, 汪治桂. 1971—2010年若尔盖湿地潜在蒸散量及地表湿润度的变化趋势. 地理科学, 2015, 35(2): 245-250 [Wang J-B, Wang S-P, Wang Z-G. The variety characters of potential evapotranspiration and soil surface humidity index in the Zoige wetland in 1971-2010. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2015, 35(2): 245-250]
[23] Lafleur PM, Hember RA, Admiral SW, et al. Annual and seasonal variability in evapotranspiration and water table at a shrub-covered bog in southern Ontario, Canada. Hydrological Processes, 2005, 19: 3533-3550
[24] Watras CJ, Morrison KA, Rubsam JL, et al. Estimates of evapotranspiration from contrasting Wisconsin peatlands based on diel water table oscillations. Ecohydro-logy, 2017, 10: 1-12
[25] 李志威, 孙萌, 游宇驰, 等. 若尔盖高原实际蒸散量变化规律研究. 生态环境学报, 2017, 26(8): 1317-1324 [Li Z-W, Sun M, You Y-C, et al. Change of actual evapotranspiration in the Zoige Plateau. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2017, 26(8): 1317-1324]
[26] 贾志军, 宋长春, 王跃思, 等. 三江平原典型沼泽湿地蒸散量研究. 气候与环境研究, 2007, 12(4): 496-502 [Jia Z-J, Song C-C, Wang Y-S, et al. Studies on evapotranspiration over mire in the Sanjiang Plain. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2007, 12(4): 496-502]
[27] 刘曼晴, 胡德勇, 于琛, 等. 辽河三角洲湿地生长季蒸散量时空格局及影响因素分析. 生态学报, 2020, 40(2): 1-10 [Liu M-Q, Hu D-Y, Yu C, et al. Temporal and spatial change characteristics of growing season evapotranspiration and its cause analysis in Liaohe river Delta wetland, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2020, 40(2): 1-10]
[28] 彭凤姣, 葛继稳, 李永福, 等. 神农架大九湖泥炭湿地水汽通量特征及生态意义. 安全与环境工程, 2017, 24(5): 1-8 [Peng F-J, Ge J-W, Li Y-F, et al. Characteristics of water vapor flux and their ecological significance in the peat wetlands of Dajiuhu, Shennong-jia. Safety and Environmental Engineering, 2017, 24(5): 1-8]
[29] Célleri R, Feyen J. The hydrology of tropical andean ecosystems: Importance, knowledge status, and perspectives. Mountain Research and Development, 2009, 29: 350-355
[30] Hamel P, Riveros-Iregui D, Ballari D, et al. Watershed services in the humid tropics: Opportunities from recent advances in ecohydrology. Ecohydrology, 2017, 11: 1-16