Abstract: Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration and temperature on rice dry matter accumulation vary in planting regions and cropping systems. It remains unclear how dry matter productivity responds to factorial combination of elevated CO₂ and temperature in the double rice cropping system of China. Field experiments were conducted using open-top chambers (OTC) to simulate different scenarios of elevated CO₂ and/or temperature for three rotations of double rice in Jingzhou, Hubei Province. Liangyou 287 and Xiangfengyou 9 were used as rice cultivar for early rice and late rice, respectively. There were five treatments: UC, paddy field without OTC covering; CK, OTC with the similar temperature and CO₂ concentration to field environment; ET, OTC with 2 ℃ temperature elevation; EC, OTC with 60 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂ elevation; ETEC, OTC with simu-ltaneous 2 ℃ temperature elevation and 60 μmol·mol^-1 CO₂ elevation. We measured aboveground biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of dry matter under different treatments. Our results showed that elevated CO₂ and/or temperature had no significant effects on NAR from transplanting to jointing, increased NAR from jointing to heading, but decreased NAR from heading to maturity (except for EC treatment in early rice). Elevated CO₂ and/or temperature promoted leaf area development at all growth stages, with ETEC showing the highest increase in LAI except at maturity. Warming and CO₂ enrichment jointly promoted dry matter accumulation at heading, with ETEC increasing aboveground biomass by 10.3%-39.8% and 23.6%-34.4% compared with CK in early rice and late rice, respectively. At maturity of early rice, elevated temperature partly offset the positive effects of elevated CO₂ on aboveground biomass, as shown by a reduction of 3.2%-14.1% under ETEC compared with EC. Contrarily at maturity of late rice, co-elevation of CO₂ and temperature further increased aboveground biomass, showing a synergistic interaction. Results from regression analysis showed that warming and CO₂ enrichment had positive effects on NAR at vegetative stages of double rice, while warming showed negative effects on NAR at reproductive stages. Considering the dissimilarities in growth characteristics, growing periods and ambient temperature, elevated CO₂ and temperature might increase dry matter production in the Chinese double rice cropping system.