Effects of different integration of water and fertilizer modes on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and fruit yield and quality of apple trees

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.030

Abstract

Abstract: We examined nitrogen use efficiency of ¹⁵N-urea of 15-year-old ‘Gala’ apple trees by broadcast fertilization (T₁), nitrogen fertilization with drip irrigation (T₂) and nitrogen fertilization with subsurface irrigation (T₃), to further improve the water and fertilizer integration technology for apple orchard and to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. The results showed that leaf area, chlorophyll, and leaf nitrogen content of leaves were significantly higher in T₃ treatment than those in T₁ and T₂ treatments. Soil mineral nitrogen content (20-40 cm) in each period followed the order of T₃>T₂>T₁, while that in 0-20 cm followed an order of T₂>T₃>T₁. The Ndff value at organ level (the contribution rate of the ¹⁵N amount absorbed by various organs of the tree to the total nitrogen content of the organ) was the highest in T₃ treatment in each period, followed by T₂ and T₁ treatments. The utilization rate of ¹⁵N in the fruit ripening period followed an order of T₃>T₂>T₁. The ¹⁵N utilization rate of T₃ reached 24.2%, being 1.19 and 1.65 times of T₂ and T₁, respectively. The ¹⁵N distribution rate in the fruits during the fruit maturity stage was the highest in T₁ treatment, while that in the storage organs was the highest in T₂ treatment and that in the reproduction organs was the highest in T₃ treatment. The single fruit weight, yield, soluble solids, hardness, soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio were the highest in T₃ treatment, followed by T₂ and T₁ treatments. In summary, nitrogen application by percolation irrigation (subsurface application) significantly promoted leaf growth and nitrogen utilization of apple tree, and improved fruit yield and quality.

TIAN Ge, LI Hui-feng, TIAN Meng, LIU Xiao-xia, CHEN Qian, ZHU Zhan-ling, JIANG Yuan-mao, GE Shun-feng. Effects of different integration of water and fertilizer modes on the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and fruit yield and quality of apple trees[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(6): 1867-1874.

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