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A field experiment of runoff and sediment yielding processes from residues in Shenfu-Dongsheng Coalfield.

LI Jian-ming1, WANG Wen-long1,2, WANG Zhen3, LUO Ting4, LI Hong-wei5, JIN Jian6   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateaus, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 3Huadong Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Hydrochina Engineering Consulting Corporation, Hangzhou 310014, China; 4Hangzhou Earth Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310000, China; 5College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 6Xifeng Experimental Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China)
  • Online:2013-12-18 Published:2013-12-18

Abstract: The processes of runoff and sediment yields from and the benefits of water and sediment reductions by the residues produced in the Shenfu-Dongsheng Coalfield were investigated by a simulated field rainfall experiment. The runoff generation time generally presented a decreasing trend with increasing rainfall intensity, but varied widely with the change of residue compositions. Runoff from the slag reached a steady velocity faster than that from the spoil, and the average velocities of runoff from the residues were gradually decreased in the spoil, the slag with more sand and less stone, and the slag with less sand and more stone. Runoff rates for the residues reached a steady rate 6 min after runoff generation, and were significantly correlated with the rainfall intensities. Erosion on the residues mainly occurred in the first 6 min after runoff generation. Average sediment concentrations in the first 6 min were 0.43-4.27 times of those thereafter for the spoil, and 1.43-54.93 times for the slag. The runoff volume was a linear function of the rainfall intensity for the spoil and the slag with more sand and less stone, and was a power function of rainfall intensity for the slag with less sand and more stone. The relationships between single erosion and rainfall intensity for the spoil and the slag with less sand and more stone can be described by exponential and power functions, respectively. For the spoil, the erosion rate was a linear function of the runoff volume. When fishscale pits and vegetation coverage were adopted on the surface of the slag, the generation of runoff lagged 24 min behind initial rainfall applications at intensities of 1.0 and 1.5 mm·min-1, and the runoff and sediment yields were reduced by 29.5%-52.9% and 85.7%-97.9%, respectively.