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Application of three heat pulse technique-based methods to determine the stem sap flow.

WANG Sheng1,2, FAN Jun1,3   

  1. (1Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)
  • Online:2015-08-18 Published:2015-08-18

Abstract: It is of critical importance to acquire tree transpiration characters through sap flow methodology to understand tree water physiology, forest ecology and ecosystem water exchange. Triprobe heat pulse sensors, which are widely utilized in soil thermal parameters and soil evaporation measurement, were applied to implement Salix matsudana sap flow density (Vs) measurements via heatratio method (HRM), TMax method (TMax) and singleprobe heat pulse probe (SHPP) method, and comparative analysis was conducted with additional Grainer’s thermal diffusion probes (TDP) measured results. The results showed that, it took about five weeks to reach a stable measurement stage after TPHP installation, Vs measured with three methods in the early stage after installation was 135%-220% higher than Vs in the stable measurement stage, and Vs estimated via HRM, TMax and SHPP methods were significantly linearly correlated with Vs estimated via TDP method, with R2 of 0.93, 0.73 and 0.91, respectively, and R2 for Vs measured by SHPP and HRM reached 0.94. HRM had relatively higher precision in measuring low rates and reverse sap flow. SHPP method seemed to be very promising to measure sap flow for configuration simplicity and high measuring accuracy, whereas it couldn’t distinguish directions of flow. TMax method had relatively higher error in sap flow measurement, and it couldn’t measure sap flow below 5 cm3·cm-2·h-1, thus this method could not be used alone, however it could measure thermal diffusivity for calculating sap flow when other methods were imposed. It was recommended to choose a proper method or a combination of several methods to measure stem sap flow, based on specific research purpose.