Abstract: By regarding the east of Birkum desert of the west of Taklimakan as research areas, the paper measured the basic morphological characteristics of Populus euphratica
nebkhas through realtime kinematics, got the relevant data of groundwater by manual drilling, and analyzed the response of emorphological characteristics of P. euphratica nebkhas to groundwater. The results showed that the change range of morphological parameters of P. euphratica nebkhas was large. Groundwater infiltrated the research areas from west, south and southwest to northwest and the depth of groundwater ranged from 0.15 m to 83.2 m. Except for the maximums of the length and circumference, the other morphological parameters of P. euphratica nebkhas had a negative relation with the depth of groundwater. The  volume of P. euphratica nebkhas was mainly in the range of 63.54-91.24 m³.