This article analyzed the inputs of organic matter and chemical fertilizer in the cropland of South Central China, i.e., Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong and Guangxi, and then calculated the budgets of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), based on the data from field investigations and peasant household surveys in the four provinces. The results showed that total amounts of organic matter inputs in the four provinces was ranked as follow: 8993 kg·hm^-2 in Guangxi, 6390 kg·hm^-2 in Hunan, 5012 kg·hm^-2 in Hubei, 4630 kg·hm^-2 in Guangdong, and average NPK inputs in the four provinces were ranked as follow: 777.5 kg·hm^-2 in Guangxi, 501.6 kg·hm^-2 in Hunan, 486.4 kg·hm^-2 in Hubei, 340.4 kg·hm^-2 in Guangdong. The N and P input surpluses were greatest in Guangxi (67.2% and 99.0% as for N and P, respectively), followed by Hunan (33.2% and 50.8%), Hubei (11.8% and 11.0%), and Guangdong (7.8% and 30.0%). However, K input was deficient in Hunan, Hubei, and Guangdong (6.6%, 18.7% and 12.4%), but surplus in Guangxi (19.5%).