Abstract: Based on the data collected from the bottom trawl survey in Yellow Sea, August, 2014, the community structure of shrimp assemblage and its relationships with environmental factors in summer was examined by using index of relative importance, ecological diversity indices and multivariate statistical analysis. A total of 20 shrimp species were captured, belonging to 3 orders, 10 families, 16 genera. The relative abundance of shrimp of all stations ranged from 13 to 45047 g·h^-1 and its mean value was 6838 g·h^-1. The dominant species was Crangon affinis, and the common species was Eualus sinensis. The rare species were Metapenaeopsis dalei, Palaemon gravieri and Oratosquilla oratoria. The ranges of Shannon diversity index (H), Pielou’s evenness index (J) and the Margalef’s species richness index (D) of all stations of the shrimp community structure were 0.007-1.538, 0.101-1.138 and 0.006-0.947, respectively, and the mean values of H, J and D were 0.391, 0.374 and 0.298, respectively. MDS and Cluster analyses revealed that two clusters of Group I named cold water mass group and Group II named coastal group, which were bounded by the 45 m isobaths, were identified for all the sampling stations. Significant difference was detected by ANOSIM analysis between Group I and Group II. BIOENV analysis indicated that bottom temperature and bottom salinity were the most important environmental factors for structuring the spatial distribution of the shrimp assemblage. Cold water mass group accounted for absolute advantage and Yellow Sea cold mass had a decisive influence on the distribution pattern of the shrimp community in the Yellow Sea in summer.