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Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 883-890.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201603.027

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Effects of fertilizer application on water consumption characteristics and yield of potato cultured under ridge-furrow and whole filed plastic mulching in rain-fed area

YU Xian-feng1, ZHANG Xu-cheng1,2*, WANG Hong-li1, MA Yi-fan1, HOU Hui-zhi1, FANG Yan-jie1   

  1. Institute of Dryland Farming, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2015-07-27 Online:2016-03-18 Published:2016-03-18
  • Contact: * E-mail: gszhangxuch@163.com
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of the Ministry of Agriculture (201203031) and the State Key Technology Support Program (2015BAD22B04).

Abstract: Chemical fertilizer reduction and organic manure substitution are the useful methods to increase potato water-and nutrient use efficiency, which is cultured under ridge-furrow and whole soil surface mulched by plastic film in semiarid rain-fed area. A 4-year field experiment was carried out from 2011 to 2014 with three treatments: 1) traditional chemical fertilizer application (F), 2) chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 25% and dressing at flowering stage (DF), and 3) chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 50% and organic manure substitution (OF). The soil moisture and potato yield were investigated, and seasonal water consumption, water use efficiency (WUE) were calculated to study the regulations of different nutrient management methods on potato water use process, as well as its effects on potato tuber yield and WUE. The results showed that soil water storage in potato flowering stage was the highest under DF treatment, but there were no significant difference among these three treatments. The depth of soil water depletion in DF and OF showed an increasing trend at post-flowering stage. Potato water consumption decreased significantly at pre-flowering stage, but increased by 36.2%, 23.2%, 24.8% and 19.0% respectively at post-flowering stage in 2011-2014 under DF treatment, as compared with those under F treatment. OF treatment increased potato water consumption by 20.7% and 16.3% than that under F treatment at post-flowering stage from 2011 to 2012, respectively, but exerted no significant effect at pre-flowering stage. Compared with F, DF increased potato tuber yield averagely by 2595.1 kg·hm-2 from 2012 to 2014 and significantly increased the WUE by 14.4% and 6.3% in 2013 and 2014, respectively; OF significantly increased potato tuber yield averagely by 2945 kg·hm-2 tuber yield in 4 experimental years and WUE was significantly higher than that under F from 2012 to 2014. It was indicated that both DF and OF could regulate water consumption between pre-flowering and post-flowering stages, and increase potato tuber yield and WUE. OF showed more significant effects than DF on the increment of tuber yield and WUE.