Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and pH in the water level fluctuation zone of canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201709.016

Abstract

Abstract: Based on the long-term monitoring data of soil chemical properties before never experiencing water level fluctuation (2008) and after experiencing 1 time (2009), 4 times (2012), 7 times (2015) of water level fluctuation in the water level fluctuation zone with the altitude of 155-172 m, located at the Wushan and Zigui section of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), organic matter (OM) and pH value were studied and their nutrient status were evaluated. The contents of soil total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available potassium (AK) and OM gradually decreased with the increasing times of experiencing water level fluctuation, while the contents of total phosphorus (TP), total potassium (TK) and available phosphorus (AP), and pH value exhibited the opposite trend. The contents of TN, TK and AP in different soil layers displayed as Wushan > Zigui before never experiencing water level fluctuation and after experiencing 1 time of water level fluctuation. However, after experiencing 4 times and 7 times of water level fluctuation, they changed as Zigui > Wushan. Differences of soil chemical indicators in different soil layers gradually decreased with the increasing times of experiencing water level fluctuation. Compared with the nutrient classification standard of the national second soil census, the contents of TP and AP were extremely high grade in Zigui plot and the content of AP was high grade in Wushan plot after experiencing 7 times of water level fluctuation, and other soil indicators were in the middle or below grade. The hydrolo-gical regime characteristics of the TGR and the interference of human activities, as well as the diffe-rences of soil chemical indicators in nature were the major driving factors that caused the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil N, P, K, OM and pH in the water level fluctuation zone of canyon landform area of the TGR.

JIAN Zun-ji, PEI Shun-xiang, GUO Quan-shui, QIN Ai-li, MA Fan-qiang, ZHAO Yu-juan, XIAO Wen-fa, KANG Yi. Temporal and spatial dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and pH in the water level fluctuation zone of canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(9): 2778-2786.

References

[1] New T, Xie ZQ. Impacts of large dams on riparian vegetation: Applying global experience to the case of China’s Three Gorges Dam. Biodiversity Conservation, 2008, 17: 3149-3163
[2] Strayer DL, Findlay SEG. Ecology of freshwater shore zones. Aquatic Sciences, 2010, 72: 127-163
[3] Fu BJ, Wu BF, Lü YH, et al. Three Gorges Project: Efforts and challenges for the environment. Progress in Physical Geography, 2010, 34: 741-754
[4] Bao YH, Gao P, He XB. The water-level fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir: A unique geomorphological unit. Earth-Science Reviews, 2015, 150: 14-24
[5] Baldwin DS, Mitchell AM. The effects of drying and re-flooding on the sediment and soil nutrient dynamics of lowland river-floodplain systems: A synthesis. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 2000, 16: 457-467
[6] Su W-C (苏维词). Main ecological and environmental problems of water-level-fluctuation zone (WLFZ) in Three Gorges Reservoir and their controlling measures. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute (长江科学院院报), 2004, 21(2): 32-34 (in Chinese)
[7] Zhou Y-J (周永娟), Qiu J-X (仇江啸), Wang J (王姣), et al. Assessment of eco-environmental vulnerabi-lity of water-level fluctuation belt in Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Acta Ecoloica Sinica (生态学报), 2010, 30(24): 6726-6733 (in Chinese)
[8] Cheng H (程辉), Wu S-J (吴胜军), Wang X-X (王小晓), et al. Research progress on the effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the ecological environment. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture (中国生态农业学报), 2015, 23(2): 127-140 (in Chinese)
[9] Chang C (常超), Xie Z-Q (谢宗强), Xiong G-M (熊高明), et al. The effect of flooding on soil physical and chemical properties of riparian zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报), 2011, 26(7): 1236-1244 (in Chinese)
[10] Wang X-R (王晓荣), Cheng R-M (程瑞梅), Xiao W-F (肖文发), et al. Soil nutrient characteristics in juvenile water-level-fluctuating zone of Three Gorges Reservoir. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2010, 29(2): 281-289 (in Chinese)
[11] Guo J-S (郭劲松), Huang X-M (黄轩民), Zhang B (张彬), et al. Distribution characteristics of organic matter and total nitrogen in the soils of water-level-fluctuating zone of Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Journal of Lake Sciences (湖泊科学), 2012, 24(2): 213-219 (in Chinese)
[12] Guo Q-S (郭泉水), Kang Y (康义), Zhao Y-J (赵玉娟), et al. Changes in the contents of N, P, K, pH and organic matter of the soil which experienced the hydro-fluctuation in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2012, 48(3): 7-10 (in Chinese)
[13] Li C-X (李楚娴), Zhang J-Y (张金洋), Wang D-Y (王定勇), et al. Dynamic variations of nitrogen and phosphorous of the soil in hydro-fluctuation of Three Gorges Reservoir. Environmental Chemistry (环境化学), 2014, 33(12): 2169-2175 (in Chinese)
[14] Shen Y-F (沈雅飞), Wang N (王娜), Liu Z-B (刘泽彬), et al. Changes of the soil chemical properties in hydro-fluctuation belt of Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2016, 30(3): 190-195 (in Chinese)
[15] Zhu N-N (朱妮妮), Guo Q-S (郭泉水), Qin A-L (秦爱丽), et al. Plant community dynamics in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir at the Zigui and Wushan section, east of Fengjie County, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2015, 35(23): 7852-7867 (in Chinese)
[16] Li Y-C (李月臣), Yang Y (杨扬), He Z-M (何志明), et al. The summary of existing wetland research on the Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science) (重庆师范大学学报: 自然科学版), 2013, 30(4): 25-33 (in Chinese)
[17] The State Forestry Administration (国家林业局). Fore-stry Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China: Forest Soil Analysis Method. Beijing: China Stan-dards Press, 1999 (in Chinese)
[18] Office of National Soil Survey (国家土壤调查办公室). Provisional Technical Regulations for the Second Soil Census in China. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1979 (in Chinese)
[19] Fan X-H (范小华), Xie D-T (谢德体), Wei C-F (魏朝富). Study on the ecological environmental problems of the riparian zone under interactions of the soil and water. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报), 2006, 22(10): 374-379 (in Chinese)
[20] Bai J-H (白军红), Deng W (邓伟), Zhang Y-X (张玉霞), et al. Spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter and nitrogen in the natural floodplain wetland. Environmental Science (环境科学), 2002, 23(2): 77-81 (in Chinese)
[21] Wang C (王纯), Wang W-Q (王维奇), Zeng C-S (曾从盛), et al. Soil nitrogen forms concentration and storage along saline-fresh water of Minjiang River Estua-rine Wetland. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2011, 25(5): 147-153 (in Chinese)
[22] Dou S (窦森). Soil Organic Matter. Beijing: Science Press, 2010 (in Chinese)
[23] Xiao Y (肖烨), Huang Z-G (黄志刚), Wu H-T (武海涛), et al. Carbon and nitrogen distributions and microbial characteristics in the soils of four types of wetlands in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(10): 2847-2854 (in Chinese)
[24] Qiu S, McComb AJ. Drying-induced stimulation of ammonium release and nitrification in reflooded lake sediment. Marine and Freshwater Research, 1996, 47: 531-536
[25] Pérez JMS, Trémolières M, Takatert N, et al. Quantification of nitrate removal by a flooded alluvial zone in the III floodplain (Eastern France). Hydrobiologia, 1999, 410: 185-193
[26] Zheng BH, Zhao YY, Qin YW, et al. Input characteristics and sources identification of nitrogen in the three main tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environmental Earth Science, 2016, 75: 1219-1229
[27] Yang D (杨丹), Fan D-Y (樊大勇), Xie Z-Q (谢宗强), et al. Research progress on the mechanisms and influence factors of nitrogen retention and transformation in riparian ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(3): 973-980 (in Chinese)
[28] Wang Y (王颖), Shen Z-Y (沈珍瑶), Hu L-J (呼丽娟), et al. Adsorption and release of phosphorus from sediments from the main branches of the Three-Gorges Reservoir. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae (环境科学学报), 2008, 28(8): 1654-1661 (in Chinese)
[29] Jiang LG, Liang B, Xue Q, et al. Characterization of phosphorus leaching from phosphate waste rock in the Xiangxi River watershed, Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Chemosphere, 2016, 150: 130-138
[30] Yao QZ, Yu ZG, Chen HT, et al. Phosphorus transport and speciation in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) system. Applied Geochemistry, 2009, 24: 2186-2194
[31] He L-P (何立平), Fu C (付川), Xie K (谢昆), et al. Soil phosphorus species and storage characteristics of different types in water fluctuation zone of the Wanzhou section of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin (长江流域资源与环境), 2014, 23(4): 534-541 (in Chinese)
[32] Gao Q, Li Y, Cheng QY, et al. Analysis and assessment of the nutrients, biochemical indexes and heavy metals in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China, from 2008 to 2013. Water Research, 2016, 92: 262-274
[33] Ma X, Li Y, Li BL, et al. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses by runoff erosion: Field data monitored under natural rainfall in Three Gorges Reservoir Area China. Catena, 2016, 147: 797-808
[34] Li F-Q (李凤清), Ye L (叶麟), Liu R-Q (刘瑞秋), et al. Dynamics of the main nutrients input to Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2008, 28(5): 2073-2079 (in Chinese)
[35] Ma L-M (马利民), Zhang M (张明), Liu C (刘丛), et al. The effect of anthropogenic phosphorus on the characteristics of soil and its phosphorus release in the water-fluctuation-zone. Environmental Chemistry (环境化学), 2008, 27(1): 73-76 (in Chinese)
[36] Zhu Q (朱强), An R (安然), Hu H-Q (胡红青), et al. Adsorption and transformation of phosphorus in soils of the tidal zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2012, 49(6): 1128-1135 (in Chinese)
[37] Wu YH, Wang XX, Zhou J, et al. The fate of phosphorus in sediments after the full operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Environmental Pollution, 2016, 214: 282-289
[38] Han CN, Zheng BH, Qin YW, et al. Analysis of phosphorus import characteristics of the upstream input rivers of Three Gorges Reservoir. Environmental Earth Science, 2016, 75: 1024-1034
[39] Jiang W-W (蒋文伟), Zhou G-M (周国模), Yu S-Q (余树全), et al. Research on nutrient status of soils under main forest types in Anji Mountainous Region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2004, 18(4): 73-76 (in Chinese)
[40] Xu X-Y (徐晓燕), Ma Y-J (马毅杰), Zhang R-P (张瑞平). Research progress in transformation of soil potassium in relation to potash application. Chinese Journal of Soil Science (土壤通报), 2003, 34(5): 489-492 (in Chinese)
[41] Zhang J-Y (张金洋), Wang D-Y (王定勇), Shi X-H (石孝洪). Change of soil character after flooding in drawdown area of Three Gorges Reservoir. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation (水土保持学报), 2004, 18(6): 120-123 (in Chinese)
[42] Chu L-M (储立民), Chang C (常超), Xie Z-Q (谢宗强), et al. Effect of impounding of the Three-Gorges Reservoir on soil heavy metals in its hydro-fluctuation belt. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2011, 48(1): 192-196 (in Chinese)
[43] Ran XB, Chen HT, Wei JF, et al. Phosphorus speciation, transformation and retention in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Marine and Freshwater Research, 2016, 67: 173-186