Chemical defense of fruits (seeds) and the adaptive strategies of frugivorous animals

Abstract

Abstract: Seed plants should protect the fruits and seeds from predating by frugivores when fruits become ripe,and disperse the seeds to the habitat suitable for seed germination.The plants which rely on frugivores to finish seed dispersal are called animal-dispersed plants.Chemical defene of fruits (seeds) is an important way for plants to avoid seed predators.Various secondary substances exist in fruits and seeds including alkaloid,cyanogenic glycoside,terpenoid,and phenolic etc,with the content varied during the growth period of fruits.Secondary substances can defense the frugivores with general toxicity to both seed dispersers and seed predators.The pulp secondary substance can influence the dispersing efficiency by means of changing guts retention time acting as laxatives.The production of secondary substances not only depends on the environment factors of plants,but has some relationship with fruits quality.In temperate zone,content of secondary substances is low in summer small-seeded (SS) fruits,while high in fall low-quality (FL) fruits.Frugivores can adjust their foraging behavior,or get special substance from the environment or enough nutrients to reduce the influence of secondary substances.The research of secondary substances is important for the theory of animal-plant interaction and their coevolution.

Key words: Jinghe watershed, Landscape macroscopic stability, Landscape pattern transition, Landscape spatial-temporal change, Landscape quality

CLC Number:

Q958.12

LU Changhu. Chemical defense of fruits (seeds) and the adaptive strategies of frugivorous animals[J]. cje, 2005, (5): 567-572.

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