1State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing 100875, China;2Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;3Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs &|Ministry of Education, the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100875, China;4Department of Disaster Relief, Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100721 China|
5Institute of Northeast Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Changchun 130012, China)