Abstract: Global climate warming is an indisputable fact, which inevitably affects the agricultural activities. Based on the climatic data from 1961 to 2012 and the crop phenophase data from 1980 to 2012 in Anhui Province, and by using statistical methods, the responses of winter wheat and single-season rice phenophases to the climate changes in 24 solar terms in the Province were analyzed. The average air temperature in the 24 solar terms were in quasinormal distribution, being the highest (28.5±0.9 ℃) in Great Heat (the 12th solar term) and the lowest (2.5±1.4 ℃) in Great Cold (the 24th solar term). There was an obvious raising trend in the air temperature in each solar term, and overall, the solar term cycle tended to be uplift. The precipitation centralized greatly during Grain Rain (the 6th solar term) to Limit of Heat (the 14th solar term), and was the most (151.4 mm) in Summer Solstice (the 10th solar term) and the least (13.5 mm) in Winter Solstice (the 22nd solar term). Since the 1960s, the precipitation in the 24 solar terms had a greater variation between years, but no obvious linear trends. In the past 52 years, the agro-climatic resources in the Province had obvious change. The active accumulated temperature of ≥10 ℃ during winter wheat and single-season rice growth periods showed an increasing trend, especially the heat conditions in winter wheat growth period improved. The precipitation in single-season rice growth period had an increasing trend (17.5 mm·10 a^-1), while that in the whole growth period of winter wheat had no clear trend. The sunshine hours in the growth periods of both winter wheat and single-season rice reduced significantly. In response to the climate change in the 24 solar terms, the phenophases from sowing to maturing stages of winter wheat advanced, and the duration of the whole growth period reduced, whereas the phenophases from sowing to reviving and from tillering to maturing stages of single-season rice advanced and prolonged, respectively, with the duration of the whole growth period increased. The active accumulated temperature and the average air temperature were the most important factors inducing the changes of phenophases in the growth period, and the diurnal air temperature determined the duration of reproductive growth period. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between precipitation and crop phenophase. The decrease of precipitation and the increase of air temperature accelerated crop development processes, while the sunshine was overall favorable to the shortening of vegetative growth period and the prolonging of reproductive growth period.

Key words: Rice straw, Bioorganic manure, Soil biomass N, Use efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen