Abstract: An exposure experiment of seeds in Petri dishes was conducted to study the responses of Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens seed germination and seedling growth to different concentration phenanthrene and different soil ameliorants. No significant differences were observed in the germination percentage and seedling growth among the two plants under different concentration phenanthrene, but the indices became worsened with increasing phenanthrene concentration. Several approaches for ameliorating contaminated soil had definite positive effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of the two grasses, among which, the combined application of surfactants and tree litters had better effects than their single treatments.

Key words: Hipposideros pratti, Two states, Echolocation sounds, Morphological features, Foraging behavior