Abstract: Taking the Fukang Oasis, Fubei Oasis, and the entire watershed agricultural oasis in Sangong River Basin of Xinjiang, Northwest China as the three evaluation units, the evolution characteristics of artificial oases in arid zone was comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of oasis landscape structure, vegetation construction, utilization degree of water resources, oasis productivity level, social and economic conditions, soil structure, emergy characters, and hydroengineering construction level. The factorial analysis showed that among the 42 second-level indices of artificial oasis maturity, there were two factors with the eigenvalues higher than 1, and the sum of the eigenvalues was 100% of the total variance, which can explain all variable information, and can be attributed to the hydro-engineering construction feature factors and societyeconomyproductivity factors. The maturity analysis showed that Fukang Oasis was a highly developed oasis, Fubei Oasis was a potentially developed oasis, and the entire oasis in Sangong River Basin was a weakly developed oasis.