Abstract: In order to explore the impact of the exploitation and conservation planning of mineral resources on the local biological diversity, the Ganzi Prefecture of Sichuan Province was divided into 8 types of vegetation landscape, with the landscape density, frequency, proportion, and dominance in 2005 (the year before the planning implemented) calculated, and the variations of these indices in 2010 and 2020 (the years after the planning implemented) predicted. Through the overlapping of the planning areas and the biodiversity sensitive areas, their spatial conflicts were analyzed, and, based on the screening, integration, and synthesizing of the information from the vegetation maps in the upper reaches of Yangtze River, in combining with field survey, 40 vegetation types in the Prefecture were divided. The biomass distribution map of the vegetations in the Prefecture was drawn, and the biomass in each planning area was calculated. By using the distribution map of the fauna and flora in the Prefecture, the ratio of the grid of each species in each encouraged mining area and restrictive mining area to the total grids in whole planning area was calculated, and applied to denote the affecting extent of the mining activities on each species. Based on the above work, the adjustment proposals for the mineral resources exploitation and conservation planning in the Prefecture were raised.