Abstract: Basing on the examples indicating the getting worse of ecological conditions of Yangtze River basin, the author emphasized that here existed a risk of Yangtze River becoming Yellow River if the problem of water and soil losses not been paid enough attention to,The viewpoint of water management must be followed by mountain management and the latter followed by planting was also put forward by the author.

Key words: Barley, β-glucan, Dynamic, Meteorological factor