Abstract: This paper suggests that the way out for increasing upland agricultural production is tochange the conventional method “searching for water according to crops” into the method“selecting crops according to natural rainfall”,synchronize water requirement of crops withrainfall,make full use of the aggregated precipitation in July-Sept.,grow short-season andhigh-yield crops,recommend plant-transfering cultivation and develope the method of waterreservation in tillage layers.At the same time,attentions should be paid to mulching filmpollution,timely relief for drought and water adjustment inside plant body.

Key words: Long-term fertilization, Soil microorganism, Soil fertility