Abstract: A brief review is given on the reproductive capacity of Cladocera in relation to environment,with emphasis on the effect of external factors such as temperature and food.In general,lower temperature and richer food are favorable for the high production of eggs or young.Asto internal factors,age is the most important factor affecting reproductive capacity.Fecundityor fertility is directly proportional to age by the period of maximum egg production and decreases at later instars when the metabolic rate declines.In the future,more attentions shouldbe paid to the effect of internal factors such as gene,hormone,metabolism,etc.,so as tounravel the physiological mechanism underlying the reproductive capacity.

Key words: rice-wheat rotation, organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, yield, nitrogen use efficiency