Abstract: In history, Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa) had once been distributed in a large area. The most western and eastern occurring areas were the southeast Quyl grassland or Altay mountains in Russia and the eastern grasslands in Mongolia, Hulunbuir grassland in China. To the north Mongolian gazelle reached to Mongolian grasslands belt, to the south of Tuwa and external Baikal in Russia, even in Dawuli grassland. The southeast occurring area was near the north of Yellow River. At present, Mongolian gazelle in distributed only ib the eastern grasslands in Mongolia and Hulunbuir, Xilingele, Ulanchabu districts in China, especially concentrates in the bordering area between two countries.In the 40's of this century, about 1.5 millions of Mongolian gazelle existed in the world. But now, The population of Mongolia gazelle is only about 400 thousands in Mongolia and less than 300 thousands in China.The distribution and population quantity of Mongolian gazelle, an important economic species, have been reduced constantly. There is an urgent need to strengthen the conservation and research of Mongolian gazelle.

Key words: tillage mode, soil moisture dynamics, soil fertility, yield.