Research Progress of Genetic Diversity

Abstract

Abstract: Abstract As an important component of biodiversity, genetic diversity is the basis of species diversity and ecosystem diversity. With the improvement of research methods and experimental techniques, the research of genetic diversity has developed from morophological, cytological, physiological and biochemical level to molecular level which mainly study on nucleic acid. Using morophological methods, researchers can find out the level of genetic variation of a special species in a short time. The study on chromosome may reveal the changes of genome and chromosomal structure. Because of the emerge of allozyme analysis, people can study genetic diversity on biochemical level and have much deeper understanding about genetic variation and evolution. Owing to its efficiency, rapidity and convenience, allozyme analysis is still popularly used nowadays. From the late 1980's, some new techniques of DNA polymorphism analysis provided researchers with more efficient tools to study genetic diversity on higher level. This paper reviewed the research progress of genetic diversity on several levels, and pointed out that research should be conducted on different levels and from various angles. genetic diversity, genetic variation, genetic structure, allozyme analysis, RAPD.

Key words: ownership pattern, habitat conversation, forest landscape fragmentation, state-owned forestland, forest ownership reform.

Xia Ming. Research Progress of Genetic Diversity[J]. cje, 1999, (3): 59-65.

References

[1] 陈灵芝. 中国的生物多样性现状及其保护对策. 北京:科学出版社,1993,1-9,99-113, 210-212.
[2] 高志千,周开亚. 中华绒螯蟹遗传变异的RAPD 分析. 生物多样性,1998,6(3):186-190.
[3] 兰蓉等. 云南绵羊线粒体DNA遗传多态性研究. 遗传,1998,20(1):20-23.
[4] 葛颂等. 马尾松GO T,LDH和MDH同工酶的遗传方式和连锁关系. 植物学报,1987,14(6):428 -435.
[5] 葛颂等. 遗传多样性及其检查方法. 见:生物多样性研究的原理与方法. 北京:中国科技出版社, 1994,123-140.
[6] 洪德元. 植物细胞分类学. 北京:科学出版社. 1990.
[7] 胡志昂、张亚平. 中国动植物的遗传多样性. 杭州:浙江科技出版社,1997.
[8] 胡志昂等. 研究遗传多样性的基本原理和方法. 见:生物多样性研究的原理与方法. 北京:中国科技出版社,1994,117-122.
[9] 惠东威等. 利用RAPD对大豆属植物系统学研究的初报. 科学通报,1994,39(2):175-178.
[10] 孔令让等. 粗山羊草随机扩增多态性DNA研究. 植物学报,1998,40(3):223-227.
[11] 李俊清,中国水青冈种内种间遗传多样性的初步研究. 生物多样性,1996,4(2):63-68.
[12] 李宽钰等. 青杨的遗传分化. 植物学报,1997,39(8):753-758.
[13] 李力等. 青岛耐冬山茶的多样性(II)居群的遗传多样性分析. 生物多样性,1996,4(1):1-6.
[14] 刘春宇等. 家蚕与蓖麻蚕杂交后代变异机理探讨基因组RAPD检测. 遗传,1998,20(5):5- 8.
[15] 裴颜龙等. 矮牡丹与紫斑牡丹RADP分析初报. 植物分类学报,1995,33(4):350-356.
[16] 施立明. 遗传多样性及其保护. 生物科学信息, 1990,(2):158-164.
[17] 施苏华等. 11种金花茶植物的RAPD分析及其系统学意义. 植物分类学报,1998,36(4):317- 322.
[18] 汪小全等. 银杉遗传多样性的RADP分析. 中国科学(C辑),1996,26(5):436-441.
[19] 王晓梅等. 用RAPD技术检测野生鲫鱼和四个金鱼代表品种的基因组DNA多态性. 遗传,1998, 20(5):7-11.
[20] 杨一平等. 红皮云杉自然群体遗传多样性及遗传分化的研究. 植物学报,1993,35(6):458-465.
[21] 尹佟明等. 美洲黑杨无性系AFL P指纹分析. 植物学报,1998,40(8):778-780.
[22] 朱晓琴等. 苍术种内遗传多样性分析. 植物资源与环境,1995,4(2):1-6.
[23] 朱晓琴等. 鹅掌楸遗传多样性的等位酶论证. 植物资源与环境,1995,4(3):9-14.
[24] Allard,R. W. et al. The genetics of inbreeding populations. A dv. Genet. ,1968,14:55-131.
[25] Bielawski,J. P. and D. E. Pumo. Random ampli2 fied polymorphic DNA(RAPD)analysis of Atlantic Coast striped bass. Heredity,1997,78:32-40.
[26] Caetano-Anolles,et al. DNA amplification finger2 printing using very short arbitrary oligonucleotide primers. Bio/Technology,1991,(9):553-557.
[27] Chalmers,K. J. et al. Detection of genetic varia2 tion between and wit hin populations of Gli rici dia sepi u m and G. m aculata using RAPD markers. Herdity,1992,69:465-472.
[28] Dobzhansky,T.(谈家桢等译). 遗传学与物种起源,北京:科学出版社,1964.
[29] Echt,C. S. and P. May-Marquardt. Survey of microsatellite DNA in pine. Genome,1997,40:9 -17.
[30] Grant,V. The Evolutionary Process:A Critical Study of Evolutionary Theory(2nd ed.),New York:Columbia University Press. 1991.
[31] Hamrick,J. L. and M. D. Loveless. Association between t he breeding system and t he genetic struc 2 ture of tropical tree population,In Linhart,J.(eds.)Evolution Ecology of Plant,Boulder: Westview Press. 1989. 129-146.
[32] Hamrick,J. L. et al. Allozyme diversity in plant species,In Brown A. H. D. et al.(eds.)Plant Population Genetics,breeding,and Genetic Re 2 sources,Sunderland:Sinauer. 1990. 43-63.
[33] Hartl,L. And S. Seefelder. Diversit y of selected hop cultivars detected by fluorescent AFL Ps. The 2 or A ppl Genet,1998,96:112-116.
[34] Lewin,R. Limits to DNA fingerprinting. Science, 1989,243:2549-1551.
[35] Merrell,D. J.(黄瑞复等译). 生态遗传学. 北京:科学出版社,1991.
[36] Millar,C. I. and W. J. Libby. Strategies for con2 serving clinal,ecotypic,and disjunct population di 2 versity in widespread species,In Falk D. A. and K. E. Holsinger(eds.)Genetics and Conservation of Rare plants,New York:Oxford University Press. 1991. 149-170.
[37] Money,T. et al. AFL P-based mRNA finger2 printing. N ucleic Aci d Res. ,1996,24(13):2616 -2617.
[38] Mosseler,A. et al. Low levels of genetic diversity in red pine confirmed by random amplified polymor 2 phic DNA markers. Can. J. For. Res. ,1992,22: 1332-1337.
[39] Mullis,K. et al. Specific amplification of DNA in vitro:t he polymerase chain recation. Col d S pri ng Harbor S y m p Q uant Biol. ,1986,51:260.
[40] Nakajima,Y. et al. Characterization of genetic di2 versity of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in Daucus varities by RAPD and AFL P. Plant Cell Reports,1998,17:848-853.
[41] Nei,M. Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc. N atl. Acad. Sci. ,US A, 1973,70:3321-3323.
[42] Plotsky,Y. et al. Genetic characterization of high2 ly inbred chicken lines by two DNA met hods:DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction using arbitrary primers. A ni m al Genetics,1995,26: 163-170.
[43] Price,S. C. et al. Estimates of population differen2 tiation obtained from enzyme polymorphisms and quantitative characters. J. Hered. ,1984,75:141 -142.
[44] Schall,B. A. et al. Comparison of met hods for as2 sessing genetic variation in plant conservation biolo 2 gy,In Falk D. A. and K. E. Holsinger(eds.)Ge2 netics and Conservation of Rare Plants,New York: Oxford University Press. 1991. 123-134.
[45] Sharma,S. K. et al. AFL P analysis of t he diversity and phylogeny of Lens and its comparison wit h RAPD analysis. Theor A ppl. Genet,1996,93: 751-758.
[46] Smit h,E. J. et al. Use of Random Amplified Poly2 morphic DNA Markers for t he Genetic Analysis of Relatedness and Diversity in Chickens and Turkeys. Poult ry Science,1996,75:579-584.
[47] Stebbins,G. L.(复旦大学遗传研究所译). 植物的变异和进化. 上海科学技术出版社,1963.
[48] Sun,G. L. et al. Analysis of tetraploid Elymus species using wheat microsatellite markers and RAPD markers. Genome,1997,40:806-814.
[49] Swoboda,I. and P. L. Bhalla. RAPD analysis of genetic variation in t he Australian fan flower. Scaevola,Genome,1997,40:600-606.
[50] Venable,D. L. Using intra specific variation to study t he ecological significance and evolution of plant life histories,In Dirzo R. and J. Sarukhan(eds.)Perspectives on Plant Population Ecology, Sunderland:Sinauer. 1984. 166-187.
[51] Vos,P. K. et al. AFL P:a new technique for DNA 　fingerprinting. Nucleic Acid Res. ,1995,23(21): 4407-4414.
[52] Wachira,F. N. et al. Detection of genetic diversity in tea(Camellia sinensis)using RAPD markers. Genome,1995,38:201-210.
[53] Welsh,J. and M. Mcclelland,Fingerprinting genomes using PCR wit h arbitrary primers. N ucl. Aci d Res. ,1990,18:7213-7218.
[54] Williams,J. K. et al. DNA polymorphisms ampli2 fied by arbitrary primers are useful as markers. N ucleic Aci d Res. ,1990,18:6531-6535.
[55] Zabeau,M. and P. Vos. Selective restriction frag2 ment amplification:a general met hod for DNA fin 2 gerprinting,European Patent Application,No. 0534858 AL,1993.
[56] Zhu,J. et al. AFL P markers for t he study of rice biodiversity. Theor A ppl Genet,1998,96:602- 611.