Abstract: The theory and practice of classification, adaptability evaluation and optimizing collocation of land resource in ecological and economical agricultural system in the semi-arid hilly area of Loess Plateau were studied. Following the discipline of interaction of land resource and human and applying principles and methods of system engineering , the agricultural production system was optimized. Moreover, the relationship of ecological agricultural construction and territorial management was discussed.

Key words: Tarim Desert Highway shelter forest, soil microbe,  , soil microbial metabolic activities, microbial biomass, enzyme activity.