Abstract: Based on the survey data from the quadrats of riverside, transitional, and desert margin zones around the Tarim River, spatial distribution patterns and associations of P. euphraticacommunity were analyzed in three habitats using paired correlation function g(r). The results showed that population structural characteristics of P. euphratica varied among different habitats. In the riverside, the age structure showed an inverted J-curve, indicating an increasing population. In the transitional zone, the age structure showed a normal curve, indicating a stable population. In the desert margin, the age structure showed an inverted L-curve, indicating a decline population. The species from the P. euphraticacommunity showed different spatial distribution patterns in different habitats. Karelinia caspica, Phragmites australis, Calamagrostis pseudophragmites, and Tamarix ramosissimawere aggregated, but Apocynum venetum was distributed roughly at random in the riverside. In the transitional zone, Apocynum venetum and Alhagi sparsifoliawere aggregated, but Lycium ruthenicum and P. euphratica were aggregated at smaller spatial scales and randomly distributed at larger spatial scales. Halogeton arachnoideuswas aggregated in desert margin. Species from the P. euphraticacommunity showed different spatial associations in different habitats. The four pairs of P. euphratica vs.C. pseudophragmites, P. euphratica vs.Poacynum hendersonii, C. pseudophragmitesvs. P. australis, and P. australis vs. T. ramosissima were positively associated in the riverside. In the transitional zone, the seven pairs of Halimodendron halodendron vs. L. ruthenicum, L. ruthenicum vs. K. caspica, L. ruthenicum vs.H. halodendron, H. halodendron vs.A. sparsifolia, K. caspica vs. A. sparsifolia, A. sparsifolia vs.K. caspica, and Inula salsoloides vs.K. caspica were positively associated, butA. venetum vs. T. ramosissima was negatively associated.Salsola ruthenicavs. H. arachnoideus was negatively associated in the desert margin zone.