Abstract: Establishing food source base for Asian elephants is to attract them returning to the depths of nature reserve, and to reduce the human-elephant conflict (HEC). In 2005-2010, a statistical analysis was made on the monitoring data about the activities of Asian elephants in the Mengyang sub-reserve food source base of Xishuangbanna to analyze the activity rhythms of the elephants in the base, and, in combining the cause troubles of the Asian elephants in the surrounding villages of the base, the influences of the food source base on the Asian elephants and surrounding villages were studied, aimed to approach the mitigation effect of the food source base on human-elephant conflict. The food source base supplied large amount of foods to attract Asian elephants, playing definite roles in mitigating the HEC. The monthly and diurnal activity rhythms of the Asian elephants in the base were almost synchronous with the sowing and maturing periods of local crops and the time sequence of the farmers’ routine work. During the period of food shortage, the elephants mainly fed on king grass, a kind of introduced alien plants, or raided into villages to feed crops. The nearer the distance between the food source base and the villages, the more Asian elephant-related cause troubles happened. Therefore, great attentions should be paid to the location layout and the appropriate plant species combination in the establishment of food source base for Asian elephants.