Abstract: As the most worldwide applied carbamates insecticide, carbaryl not only has the neurotoxic effect in inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase, but also has the endocrine disrupt effect. The endocrine disrupt effect of environmental hormones is mainly produced by regulating the molecular expression of hypothalamuspituitarygonad axis (HPG). This paper further elucidated the non-receptormediated action mechanisms under the effects of carbaryl on the pathways of the steroid hormone synthesis of gonad, an important sector of HPG axis, and indicated that these non-receptor-mediated action mechanisms were the sequent results of estrogen effect. This paper would provide a reference to understand the effects of environmental hormones on the reproduction and physiology of animals, and the neuro-endocrine immune effect of carbamates insecticides.