Controlled release fertilizers (CRF) have potential to increase fertilizer use efficiency of crop through regulating the nutrient release rate. According to the growth characteristics of bamboo, two controlled urea fertilizers for bamboo (CUF-1 and CUF-2) was developed with slag coated urea mixed with other nutrient elements. In this study, we assessed the aboveground biomass and nitrogen use efficiency of Ⅰ du bamboo (growing into normal bamboo in 2012), Ⅱ du bamboo (growing into normal bamboo in 2010), and Ⅲ du bamboo (growing into normal bamboo in 2008) treated with CUF-1, CUF-2, or common compound fertilizer (CCF), and a nonfertilization (CK) treatment was also included as the control. The results showed that the bamboo DBH, height, weigh of standard branch and leaf, and SPAD all significantly increased under CUF-1 and CUF-2 treatments compared with that of CK, but were not significantly different compared with CCF. The application of CUF-1 and CUF-2 improved the aboveground biomass and enhanced the accumulation of nitrogen of Ⅰ du and Ⅱ du, but such changes in Ⅲ du were negligible. The increases in biomass and nitrogen accumulation by applications of CUF-1 and CUF-2 were 19%-61% and 29%-99% for Ⅰ du bamboo, 36%-59% and 55%-89% for Ⅱ du bamboo, and less than 8% and 15% for Ⅲ du bamboo, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiencies of the treatments CUF-1 and CUF-2 were 69.02% and 56.82%, respectively, being higher than the treatment CCF (19.60%). Therefore, it is suggested that CUF could greatly improve the nitrogen use efficiency of bamboo forest land.