Using the 18 meteorological stations observation data as well as the yield and planted area data of melon and vegetables in Hainan Province during 1998-2011, a spring drought grade index system was constructed based on the comprehensive drought index using precipitation, dry days, continuous dry days and maximum continuous dry days during March and April. Damage loss induced by spring drought was separated from the total yield reduction rate. A comprehensive drought risk model of melon and vegetables (watermelon, cowpea, paprika, luffa) was built by integrating with hazard index, damage environment, damage loss and damage prevention capability. The results showed a high spring drought hazard index occurred in the eastern and western parts of Hainan while a low index in the central regions, and the risk probability of different grade hazard indices differed with regions. Damage environment index decreased from Wuzhishan district to the periphery. Drought damage loss and prevention capability differed in different regions. The high comprehensive drought risk index of melon and vegetables mainly occurred in the western and southern parts of Hainan, while the low index in some central and eastern regions. Our results provide useful information to a better understanding of drought risk for melon and vegetables and help for the policymaking of disaster risk management.