Based on recent results of phytoremediation techniques applied in curbing environmental contamination, various factors influencing the efficiency of phytoremediation of contaminated soils were analyzed and summarized. First of all, three aspects of the main factors of phytoremediation efficiency of heavy metal pollutants and organic pollutants in soil were analyzed. That is, the physical and chemical properties of pollutants and their interaction effects, soil and climate conditions, and plant species, rhizosphere effects and cultivation measures. And then, the influence of additives on the phytoremediation efficiency was elaborated. Finally, issues for further research on phytoremediation of contaminated soil were discussed, including: providing good environment to promote plant growth and development, improving and strengthening the phytoremediation according to the factors that influence the efficiency of phytoremediation, and applying plant additives reasonably to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation.