Abstract: Habitat use and selection is one of the mechanisms for wildlife adaptation to natural environment, and winter bed-site selection is an important strategy of increasing antipredation ability, energy storage, and withstanding harsh weather. To determine winter habitat selection strategy of hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia), we investigated a total of 34 bed-site locations and randomly selected relative control plots, then identified and measured 20 potential factors influencing bedsite habitat selection in Liangshui National Nature Reserve from November 2015 to January 2016. Methods of factor distribution frequency, principal component analysis, and Bailey’s discriminant analysis were used. The results showed that hazel grouses preferred strongly to mixed coniferous and broadleaved forests with low tree density, high shrub density, and flat sunny slope (slope gradient <10°). The primary factors influencing hazel grouse’s bed-site selection were distance to road, tree density and shrub density. Hazel grouses preferred bed-sites less than 10 m far from the road, randomly selected sites 10 to 50 m far from the road, and avoided sites more than 50 m far from the road. Hazel grouses tended to bed-sites with 300-400 trees·hm^-2 and more than 2500 shrubs·hm^-2; randomly selected those with more than 400 trees·hm^-2 or less than 2500 shrubs·hm^-2. This study provided significant information for winter survival and habitat management of hazel grouses.

Key words: microplate fluorimetric assay, redundancy analysis,  , soil quality., soil enzyme activity