Based on the daily data of maximum temperature (t_max), minimum temperature (t_min), average temperature (t_ave), precipitation amount (p) and days (D) obtained from 79 automatic weather stations in the typical oases (including the oasis of the western section of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains, the Yanqi Basin Oasis, the Hami Basin Oasis and the Yarkant River Basin Oasis) and surrounding regions in Xinjiang from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2014, the cold island and wet island effects were analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that: (1) Both cold island and wet island effects existed in the oasis of the western section of the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains but presented weakly. (2) There was an obvious cold island effect in Yanqi Basin Oasis. The wet island effect could be seen from p and D, but it was weak. (3) The cold island effect in the Hami Basin Oasis was obvious on the indexes of t_min in summer and autumn and t_ave in autumn and winter. The wet island effect could be seen obviously from D in four seasons. The result of p regression analysis in autumn was good. (4) In the Yarkant River Basin Oasis, the cold island effects in spring, summer and autumn were stronger than in winter. The wet island effects in spring and summer were more obvious than in autumn and winter.