In the present study, the effects of spring drought stress on morphology and physiological characteristics of needles and roots of mature Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and P. tabuliformis trees were analyzed, and the damage extents of the two tree species were compared. The results showed that the water and proline contents, and POD and CAT activities in needles of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were significantly higher than those of P. tabuliformis (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the root activity, water, soluble protein and proline contents, and CAT activity, specific root length and specific root surface area of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were significantly higher than those of P. tabuliformis (P<0.05). The malondialdehyde content in needles was significantly lower in P. sylvestris var. mongolica than in P. tabuliformis (P<0.05), but the value in roots of P. sylvestris var. mongolica was significantly higher than that in P. tabuliformis (P<0.05). The soluble sugar and proline contents, and SOD activity in needles were significantly greater than those in roots (P<0.05). However, the soluble protein content and CAT activity in needles of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were significantly lower than those in roots (P<0.05). POD activity in needles of P. tabuliformis was significantly lower than that in roots (P<0.05). These results indicated that the responses of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were more sensitive than P. tabuliformis under spring drought stress. The responses of needles were inconsistent with that of roots. The damages of drought were more severe to the needles of P. tabuliformis and the roots of P. sylvestris var. mongolica.