Abstract: Pomacea canaliculata is the only freshwater snail listed among the 100 worst invaders worldwide, as well as one of the 16 most dangerous invaders in China. The successful invasion of P. canaliculata must be closely related to its completion of life cycle, establishment of population and successful acclimatization of colony under a wide range of conditions. The successful hatching of eggs is a critical phase for the population establishment of P. canaliculata. Under natural conditions, eggs suffer from lots of adverse factors during hatching, such as desiccation, direct sunlight, high temperature, pathogenic bacteria, parasites and terrestrial predators. In this paper, we have concluded that the reproductive biology characteristics of P. canaliculata gave some distinct functions to eggs for stress resistance, the egg could adopt a series of adaptive strategies to overcome solar radiation, high temperature, oxidation and desiccation by eggshell, carotenoprotein, heat shock protein, enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant substance. In addition, we have also summarized the egg defensive mechanisms against pathogenic bacteria and predators by encoding relative innate immune proteins, antinutrition/antidigestion components, neurotoxin, as well as the egg energy distribution during hatching. We proposed that evolution and functions of proteins of P. canaliculata egg, the inhibition type of egg hatch and the utilization of apple snail eggs need to further study.

Key words: pepper in Guizhou, new-type fertilizer, nitrogen, accumulation and distribution, dry matter