Abstract: Parks play a vital part in mitigating the urban heat island. However, the cooling effect of parks and its relationship with the landscape composition have not been well studied so far. In this work, we retrieved the surface temperature in the parks and conducted the analysis of the relationship between the surface temperature and the landscape composition both inside and outside the parks, via buffer zone analysis method and regression method, using the land use data and Landsat 8 image data in 2013. Results showed that the surface temperature in the parks was 28.91 ℃, while the surface temperature within the Fifth Ring was 30.67 ℃. The parks in the northwestern and eastern parts had much lower surface temperature than those in the southern and southwestern parts. A negative relationship was found between the surface temperature and the percentage of water bodies in the parks, while a power relationship was found between the surface temperature and the percentage of impervious surface,  in the parks. Among the landscape characteristics outside the parks, the percentage of the impervious surface, the patch density of both water bodies and impervious surface exerted great influences on the surface temperature inside parks. The percentage of the impervious surface had an influencing scope of 300 m, while the patch density of water bodies approximately 800 m, the significant (P<0.05) and extremely significant (P<0.01) scope were 500 m and 200 m. The results of stepwise regression showed that the landscape characteristics in the outer scope with a width of 200-400 m controlled the surface temperature in the parks, and the landscape composition within a width of 300 m exerted greater influences on the surface temperature in the parks. These findings can be applied into the park design and urban planning.

Key words: mineral elements, fruit quality, Huang-guan pear, balance fertilization, desert area, growth and development