Abstract: Plant phenology is a periodic event with environmental change, being much sensitive to environmental change. Most of the studies have observed that warming advanced onsets of greenup and flowering, but delayed completely leaf coloring. However, fruitingset kept relative stable under temperature change compared with other phenological sequences. There were hierarchical responses of phenological sequences in duration to temperature change (i.e. warming and cooling). In particular, more attention should be paid to observation of community phenology under future climate change because the response of individual plant phenology to climate change could not predict the response of the community phenology due to different responses from different plants. Although grazing is a major land use for natural grasslands, how grazing affects the effects of climate change on plant and community phenology is still unclear. Meanwhile, few studies have been performed on the synchrony of aboveground and root phenology, nonlinear change of phenological sequences and its mechanisms due to experimental method and technology limitations under future climate change.

Key words: mulching cultivation, oil flax, nitrate nitrogen, grain yield, dry-land