Effect of plastic-film mulch on water and nitrogen use by spring maize and on fate of applied nitrogen in the southern Loess Plateau

Abstract

Abstract: The relationships between nitrogen and yield and between water and yield, and the fate of nitrogen under plastic film mulching for spring maize were studied with field plots and microplots in the southern Loess Plateau. The results showed that plastic-film mulching(N₁₂₀ C) could increase maize yield by 46.7%,comparing with no-mulching(N₁₂₀ UC) in same rate of fertilizer. The maize yield potentiality of mulching might be played fully, comparing with CK (no nitrogen),treatments N₁₂₀ (urea nitrogen 120 kg·hm^-2), N₁₈₀ (urea nitrogen180 kg·hm^-2) and N₁₂₀ M(urea nitrogen120 kg·hm^-2 +organic manure nitrogen60 kg·hm^-2) could raise grain yield by 41.8%, 43.9% and 34.7%,respectively.Mulching planting raised water use efficiency (WUE) by 57.9 %, and raised rainfall use efficiency (RUE) by 54.5%. N₁₂₀, N₁₈₀ and N₁₂₀ Mimproved WUE by 38.4 %, 47.4% and 32.4%, respectively, and improved RUE by 42.3%, 43.9% and 34.7%, respectively. Because the organic manure applied was not fully rotted cattle dung, which supplied available nitrogen slowly than urea, it raised yield and WUEto a low extent. Meanwhile, the experiment showed that 73.0%～83.7% of water used by maize from rainfall, which indicated that the key water to determine maize yield was rainfall in spring maize growth period. Mulching planting for maize had little impact on the fate of nitrogen fertilizer.The total recovery of nitrogen had little difference, NUE decreased 7.3%,and residual Nin soil raised 6.4%,comparing with N₁₂₀ UC. Agreat part of the residual N was in0～20cm of soil,and no risk occurred for nitrogen leaching and accumulation to deeper soil layers in the first growth season.

CLC Number:

DANG Tinghui, HAO Mingde, GUO Shengli, CAI Guixin . Effect of plastic-film mulch on water and nitrogen use by spring maize and on fate of applied nitrogen in the southern Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (11): 1901-1905.

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