Effects of nitrogen addition on tree root traits.

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201905.005

Abstract

Abstract: Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has complex effects on individual plants and terrestrial ecosystems. We synthesized results from 39 published papers (16 papers in English and 23 papers in Chinese) and conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the general responses of tree root traits to nitrogen addition, and further analyzed the difference of N-induced results between English papers and Chinese papers. Our results showed that N addition significantly increased fine root diameter (+6.7%), fine root N content (+8.9%), and root respiration rate (+17.5%), but did not affect fine root biomass, fine root length, specific root length, fine root C content, and fine root C:N ratio. Different climatic zone and fertilizer types had different effects on the experimental results. In addition, experimental results published in English papers were generally more significant than those in Chinese papers. We summarized the general effects of N addition on tree root systems, and further analyzed the mechanisms underlying the effects of N enrichment on forest ecosystem carbon cycle.

LIU Rui-xue, WU Hong-jin, HUANG Guo-zhu, ZHAO Chuan-yan, LI Wei-bin. Effects of nitrogen addition on tree root traits.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(5): 1735-1742.

References

[1] Janssens I, Dieleman W, Luyssaert S, et al. Reduction of forest soil respiration in response to nitrogen deposition. Nature Geoscience, 2010, 3: 315-322
[2] Thomas RQ, Canham CD, Weathers KC, et al. Increased tree carbon storage in response to nitrogen deposition in the US. Nature Geoscience, 2010, 3: 13-17
[3] Reay DS, Dentener F, Smith P, et al. Global nitrogen deposition and carbon sinks. Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1: 430-437
[4] Maskell LC, Smart SM, Bullock JM, et al. Nitrogen deposition causes widespread loss of species richness in British habitats. Global Change Biology, 2010, 16: 671-679
[5] Vitousek PM, Aber JD, Howarth RW, et al. Human alteration of the global nitrogen cycle: Sources and consequences. Ecological Applications, 1997, 7: 737-750
[6] Zhu Y (朱莹), Li H-R (李焕茹), Yu Q (庾强),et al. Responses of soil nutrients and biological characteristics to nitrogen deposition in Hulun Buir Grassland, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(10): 3221-3228 (in Chinese)
[7] Wang Z-Q (王政权), Guo D-L (郭大立). Root ecology. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2008, 32(6): 1213-1216 (in Chinese)
[8] Li W, Jin C, Guan D, et al. The effects of simulated JP3nitrogen deposition on plant root traits: A meta-analysis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2015, 82: 112-118
[9] Cheng X, Luo Y, Su B, et al. Responses of net ecosystem CO₂ exchange to nitrogen fertilization in experimentally manipulated grassland ecosystems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2009, 149: 1956-1963
[10] Hoegberg P, Fan H, Quist M, et al. Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 years of experimental nitrogen loading on boreal forest. Global Change Biology, 2006, 12: 489-499
[11] Nadelhoffer KJ. The potential effects of nitrogen deposition on fine-root production in forest ecosystems. New Phytologist, 2000, 147: 131-139
[12] Xu T-T (徐婷婷), Zheng J-Q (郑俊强), Han S-J (韩士杰), et al. Responses of soil nitrogen transformation to long-term nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2018, 29(9): 2797-2807 (in Chinese)
[13] Hendricks JJ, Hendrick RL, Wilson CA, et al. Assessing the patterns and controls of fine root dynamics: An empirical test and methodological review. Journal of Ecology, 2006, 94: 40-57
[14] Nadelhoffer KJ. The potential effects of nitrogen deposition on fine-root production in forest ecosystems. New Phytologist, 2000, 147: 131-139
[15] Zhang X-Q (张小全), Wu K-H (吴可红). A review of methods for fine-root production and turnover of trees. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2000, 20(5): 875-883 (in Chinese)
[16] Guo D-L (郭大立), Fan P-P (范萍萍). A Four hypotheses about the effects of soil nitrogen availability on fine root production and turnover. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(10): 2354-2360 (in Chinese)
[17] Deng Q, Zhou G, Liu J, et al. Responses of soil respiration to elevated carbon dioxide and nitrogen addition in young subtropical forest ecosystems in China. Biogeosciences, 2010, 7: 315-328
[18] Du ZH, Wang W, Zeng WJ, et al. Nitrogen deposition enhances carbon sequestration by plantations in northern China. PLoS One, 2014, 9(3): e87975
[19] Fan HB, Wu JP, Liu WF, et al. Nitrogen deposition promotes ecosystem carbon accumulation by reducing soil carbon emission in a subtropical forest. Plant and Soil, 2014, 379: 361-371
[20] Gao Q, Hasselquist NJ, Palmroth S, et al. Short-term response of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization in a subtropical evergreen forest. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014, 76: 297-300
[21] Jia S, Wang Z, Li X, et al. N fertilization affects on soil respiration, microbial biomass and root respiration in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica plantations in China. Plant and Soil, 2010, 333: 325-336
[22] Liu Q, Yin H, Chen J, et al. Belowground responses of Picea asperata seedlings to warming and nitrogen fertilization in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Ecological Research, 2011, 26: 637-648
[23] Mei L, Gu J, Zhang Z, et al. Responses of fine root mass, length, production and turnover to soil nitrogen fertilization in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica forests in Northeastern China. Journal of Forest Research, 2010, 15: 194-201
[24] Mo J, Li D, Gundersen P, et al. Seedling growth response of two tropical tree species to nitrogen deposition in southern China. European Journal of Forest Research, 2008, 127: 275-283
[25] Mo J, Zhang W, Zhu W, et al. Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration in a mature tropical forest in southern China. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14: 403-412
[26] Tu LH, Hu TX, Zhang J, et al. Short-term simulated nitrogen deposition increases carbon sequestration in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation. Plant and Soil, 2011, 340: 383-396
[27] Tu LH, Hu TX, Zhang J, et al. Nitrogen addition stimu-lates different components of soil respiration in a subtropical bamboo ecosystem. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2013, 58: 255-264
[28] Wang C, Han S, Zhou Y, et al. Responses of fine roots and soil N availability to short-term nitrogen fertilization in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in northeas-tern China. PLoS One, 2012, 7(3): e31042
[29] Wang G, Fahey TJ, Xue S, et al. Root morphology and architecture respond to N addition in Pinus tabuliformis, west China. Oecologia, 2013, 171: 583-590
[30] Wang M, Shi S, Lin F, et al. Effects of soil water and nitrogen on growth and photosynthetic response of manchurian ash (Fraxinus mandshurica) seedlings in northeastern China. PLoS One, 2012, 7(2): e30754
[31] Zhao C, Liu Q. Growth and physiological responses of Picea asperata seedlings to elevated temperature and to nitrogen fertilization. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2009, 31: 163-173
[32] Zhu F, Yoh M, Gilliam FS, et al. Nutrient limitation in three lowland tropical forests in southern China receiving high nitrogen deposition: Insights from fine root responses to nutrient additions. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): e82661
[33] Cai Y-Y (蔡瑛莹), Xiong D-C (熊德成), Li Y-Y (李茵茵), et al. Effects of soil and nitrogen deposition on fine root biomass of Cunninghamia lanceolata saplings. Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment (亚热带资源与环境学报), 2013, 13(1): 36-44 (in Chinese)
[34] Chen G-T (陈冠陶), Peng Y (彭勇), Zheng J (郑军), et al. Effects of short-term nitrogen addition on fine root biomass, lifespan and morphology of Castanopsis platyacantha in a subtropical secondary evergreen broad-leaved forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2017, 41(10): 1041-1050 (in Chinese)
[35] Ding G-Q (丁国泉), Yu L-Z (于立忠), Wang Z-Q (王政权), et al. Effects of fertilization on fine root morphology of Larix kaempferi. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2010, 38(5): 16-19 (in Chinese)
[36] Guo R-Q (郭润泉), Xiong D-C (熊德成), Sun T-T (宋涛涛), et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on stoichiometry of fine roots of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2018, 38(17): 6101-6110 (in Chinese)
[37] Jia S-X (贾淑霞), Wang Z-Q (王政权), Mei L (梅莉), et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in Larix gmelinii and Fraxinus mandshurica plantations in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2007, 31(3): 372-379 (in Chinese)
[38] Li H-S (李化山), Wang J-S (汪金松), Fa L (法蕾), et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology (应用与环境生物学报), 2013, 19(5): 774-780 (in Chinese)
[39] Li L (李玲), Deng D-Z (邓东周), Fan H (樊华), et al. Response of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus to nitrogen deposition in fine roots of Hippophae rhamnoides in Western Sichuan Plateau. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology (四川林业科技), 2018, 39(5): 1-7 (in Chinese)
[40] Liu J-L (刘金梁), Mei L (梅莉), Gu J-C (谷加存), et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizationon fine root biomass and morphology of Fraxinus mandshurica and Larix gmelinii. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2009, 28(1): 1-6 (in Chinese)
[41] Liu S-E (刘双娥), Li Y-Y (李义勇), Fang X (方熊), et al. Effects of the level and regime of nitrogen addition on seedling growth of four major tree species in subtropical China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2015, 39(10): 950-96 (in Chinese)
[42] Shi S-Z (史顺增), Xiong D-C (熊德成), Deng F (邓飞), et al. Interactive effects of soil warming and nitrogen addition on fine root production of Chinese fir seedlings. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2017, 41(2): 186-195 (in Chinese)
[43] Shi S-Z (史顺增), Xiong D-C (熊德成), Feng J-X (冯建新), et al. Ecophysiological effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on fine roots of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) seedlings. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(1): 74-83 (in Chinese)
[44] Sun Y (孙玥), Quan X-K (全先奎), Jia S-X (贾淑霞), et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilization on ectomycorrhizal infection of first order roots and root morphology of Larix gmelinii plantation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2007, 18(8): 1727-1732 (in Chinese)
[45] Tu L-H (涂利华), Chen G (陈刚), Peng Y (彭勇), et al. Response of fine root decomposition to simulated nitrogen deposition in Pleioblastus amarus plantation, Rainy Area of West China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2014, 25(8): 2176-2182 (in Chinese)
[46] Tu L-H (涂利华), Dai H-Z (戴洪忠), Hu T-X (胡庭兴), et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in a Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocala mopsi plantation in Rainy Area of West China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(4): 829-836 (in Chinese)
[47] Tu L-H (涂利华), Hu T-X (胡庭兴), Zhang J (张健), et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on the fine root characteristics and soil respiration in a Pleioblastus amarus plantation in Rainy Area of West China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(10): 2472-2478 (in Chinese)
[48] Wang Q-K (王清奎), Li Y-P (李艳鹏), Zhang F-Y (张方月), et al. Short-term nitrogen fertilization decreased root and microbial respiration in a young Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2015, 39(12): 1166-1175 (in Chinese)
[49] Xu F-L (徐福利), Zhao Y-F (赵亚芳), Zhang P (张潘), et al. Effects of fertilization on nitrogen and phosphorus content in roots stems and leaves of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2014, 50(2): 139-143 (in Chinese)
[50] Xu Y (徐钰), Xu K (许凯), Yu S-Q (于水强), et al. Allocation of fine root biomass and its response to nitrogen deposition in poplar plantations with different stand ages. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2014, 33(3): 583-591 (in Chinese)
[51] Ye L-P (叶立鹏), Zhou Y-C (周运超), Zhou W (周玮), et al. Response of fine root growth of Pinus massoniana middle-aged forest to fertilization. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology (中南林业科技大学学报), 2013, 33(2): 50-55 (in Chinese)
[52] Yu L-Z (于立忠), Ding G-Q (丁国泉), Shi J-W (史建伟), et al. Effects of fertilization on fine root diameter, root length and specific root length in Larix kaempferi plantation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(5): 957-962 (in Chinese)
[53] Yu L-Z (于立忠), Ding G-Q (丁国泉), Zhu J-J (朱教君), et al. Effects of fertilization on fine root biomass of Larix kaempferi plantation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2007, 18(4): 713-720 (in Chinese)
[54] Yu L-Z (于立忠), Ding G-Q (丁国泉), Zhu J-J (朱教君), et al. Effects of fertilization on nutrient concentrations of different root orders’ fine roots in Larix kaempferi plantation. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2009, 20(4): 747-753 (in Chinese)
[55] Zhang J (张娇), Hao L-F (郝龙飞), Wang Q-C (王庆成) et al. Effect of simulated N deposition on soil respiration in a Larix olgensis plantation forest. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 2016, 36(4): 596-604 (in Chinese)
[56] Hedges LV, Gurevitch J, Curtis PS. The meta-analysis of response ratios in experimental ecology. Ecology, 1999, 80: 1150-1156
[57] Rosenberg MS, Adams DC, Gurevitch J. MetaWin: Statistical Software for Meta-analysis. Sunderland, MA, USA: Sinauer Associates, 2000
[58] Li W, Hartmann H, Adams HD, et al. The sweet side of global change: Dynamic responses of non-structural carbohydrates to drought, elevated CO₂ and nitrogen fertilization in tree species. Tree Physiology, 2018, 38: 1706-1723
[59] Brunner I, Godbold DL. Tree roots in a changing world. Journal of Forest Research, 2007, 12: 78-82
[60] Bader M, Hiltbrunner E, Körner C. Fine root responses of mature deciduous forest trees to free air carbon dio-xide enrichment (FACE). Functional Ecology, 2009, 23: 913-921
[61] Zhang X-L (张学利), Yang S-J (杨树军), Liu Y-P (刘亚萍), et al. Research on rhizosphere soil properties of main tree species of sand-fixation forest in Zhanggutai. Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠), 2004, 24(1): 72-76 (in Chinese)
[62] He J-S (贺金生), Wang Z-Q (王政权), Fang J-Y (方精云). Undergroud ecology with global change: Issues and prospects. Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报), 2004,49(13): 1226-1233 (in Chinese)
[63] Eissenstat DM, Wells CE, Yanai RD, et al. Building roots in a changing environment: Implications for root longevity. New Phytologist, 2000, 147: 33-42
[64] Hendricks JJ, Nadelhoffer KJ, Aber JD. Assessing the role of fine roots in carbon and nutrient cycling. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1993, 8: 174-178
[65] Pregitzer KS, Zak DR, Maziasz J, et al. Interactive effects of atmospheric CO₂ and soil-N availability on fine roots of Populus tremuloides. Ecological Applications, 2000, 10: 18-33
[66] King JS, Albaugh TJ, Allen HL, et al. Below-ground carbon input to soil is controlled by nutrient availability and fine root dynamics in loblolly pine. New Phytologist, 2002, 154: 389-398
[67] Smithwick EAH, Eissenstat DM, Lovett GM, et al. Root stress and nitrogen deposition: Consequences and research priorities. New Phytologist, 2013, 197: 712-719
[68] Zhang CP, Niu DC, Hall SJ, et al. Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration components and their temperature sensitivities in a semiarid grassland. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2014, 75: 113-123
[69] Bouma TJ, Devisser R, Janssen J, et al. Respiratory energy-requirements and rate of protein-turnover in-vivo determined by the use of an inhibitor of protein-synthesis and a probe to assess its effect. Physiologia Plantarum, 1994, 92: 585-594