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    C, N, and P stoichiometry for leaf litter of 62 woody species in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest
    LI Aogui, CAI Shifeng, LUO Suzhen, WANG Xiaohong, CAO Lirong, WANG Xue, LIN Chengfang, CHEN Guangshui
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1153-1160.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.005
    Abstract522)      PDF(pc) (2137KB)(678)       Save
    To understand leaf litter stoichiometry in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, we measured the contents of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in leaf litters of 62 main woody species in a natural forest of C. kawakamii Nature Reserve in Sanming, Fujian Province. Differences in leaf litter stoichiometry were analyzed across leaf forms (evergreen, deciduous), life forms (tree, semi-tree or shrub), and main families. Additionally, the phylogenetic signal was measured by Blomberg's K to explore the correlation between family level differentiation time and litter stoichiometry. Our results showed that the contents of C, N and P in the litter of 62 woody species were 405.97-512.16, 4.45-27.11, and 0.21-2.53 g·kg-1, respectively. C/N, C/P and N/P were 18.6-106.2, 195.9-2146.8, and 3.5-68.9, respectively. Leaf litter P content of evergreen tree species was significantly lower than that of deciduous tree species, and C/P and N/P of evergreen tree species were significantly higher than those of deciduous tree species. There was no significant difference in C, N content and C/N between the two leaf forms. There was no significant difference in litter stoichiometry among trees, semi-trees and shrubs. Effects of phylogeny on C, N content and C/N in leaf litter was significant, but not on P content, C/P and N/P. Family differentiation time was negatively correlated with leaf litter N content, and positively correlated with C/N. Leaf litter of Fagaceae had high C and N contents, C/P and N/P, and low P content and C/N, with an opposite trend for Sapidaceae. Our findings indicated that litter in subtropical forest had high C, N content and N/P, but low P content, C/N, and C/P, compared with the global scale average value. Litter of tree species in older sequence of evolutionary development had lower N content but higher C/N. There was no difference of leaf litter stoichiometry among life forms. There were significant differences in P content, C/P, and N/P between different leaf forms, with a characteristic of convergence.
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    Altitudinal variations and seasonal dynamics of near-surface and soil temperatures in subtropical forests of Mt. Guanshan, Jiangxi Province, China
    WANG Fang, LU Yaoshun, ZHANG Zhaochen, CHEN Lin, YANG Yongchuan, ZHANG Hongwei, WANG Xiaoran, SHU Li, SHANG Xiaofan, LIU Pengcheng, YANG Qingpei, ZHANG Jian
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1161-1168.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.019
    Abstract312)      PDF(pc) (2233KB)(345)       Save
    Temperature lapse rate (TLR), measured as the degree of temperature change along an altitudinal gradient, is a key indicator of multiple ecological processes of mountain systems. Although many studies have examined temperature changes of open air or near-surface along altitudes, we know little about altitudinal variations of soil temperature, which play an important role in regulating growth and reproduction of organisms, as well as ecosystem nutrient cycling. Based on temperature data of near-surface (15 cm above ground) and soil layers (8 cm below ground) from 12 sampling sites of subtropical forest along an altitudinal gradient (300-1300 m) in Jiangxi Guan-shan National Nature Reserve from September 2018 to August 2021, we calculated the lapse rates of mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures, as well as accumulated temperatures by using simple linear regression for both near-surface and soil temperature. The seasonal dynamics of aforementioned variables were also evaluated. The results showed that there were large differences among mean, maximum, and minimum lapse rates for annual near-surface temperature, which were 0.38, 0.31 and 0.51 ℃·(100 m)-1, respectively. But little variation was documented for soil temperature which were 0.40, 0.38 and 0.42 ℃·(100 m)-1, respectively. The seasonal variations of temperature lapse rates for near-surface and soil layers were minor except for minimum temperature. The lapse rates of minimum temperature were deeper in spring and winter for near-surface and in spring and autumn for soil layers. For growing degree days (GDD), the accumulated temperature under both layers were negatively correlated with altitude, and the lapse rates of ≥5 ℃ were 163 ℃·d·(100 m)-1 for near-surface and 179 ℃·d·(100 m)-1 for soil. The ≥5 ℃ GDD in soil were about 15 days longer than that in near-surface at the same altitude. The results showed inconsistent patterns of altitudinal variations between near-surface and soil temperature. Soil temperature and its lapse rates had minor seasonal variations compared with the near-surface counterparts, which was related to the strong buffering capacity of soil.
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    Discussion on the ecological theory and technological approaches of ecosystem quality improvement and stability enhancement
    YU Gui-rui, WANG Yong-sheng, YANG Meng
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.025
    Abstract222)      PDF(pc) (1963KB)(336)       Save
    Improving ecosystem quality and stability is one of the urgent tasks of national ecological environment construction. However, the ecological theory of ecosystem quality and stability has not been well clarified. Based on the summary of influencing factors and interaction between ecosystem quality and stability, we discussed the ecolo-gical theory on the evolution of ecosystem quality and stability from the perspectives of self-organization of biological agglomeration and structure nesting, correlation of ecological elements and coupling of ecological processes, ecosystem integrity and function emergence, ecological service spillover and efficiency tradeoff, synergy and interactions between resource supply capacity and environmental suitability, as well as interactions between spontaneous change and human activities. Technologies approaches and management strategies were proposed from the aspects of ecosystem macro-pattern adjustment, protected natural areas system construction, regional complex ecosystem comprehensive management, degraded ecosystem restoration, damaged ecosystem reestablishment, typical ecosystem process management.
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    Responses of soil erosion to changes in landscape pattern and its evolution in watershed in the loess hilly region under characteristic management and development
    LUO Jia-ru, LI Bin-bin, ZHANG Feng-bao, CONG Pei-juan, WANG Hai-yan, YANG Ming-yi
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (12): 4165-4176.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.006
    Abstract496)      PDF(pc) (4308KB)(331)       Save
    Understanding the relationship between soil erosion and the changes in landscape patterns is important for guiding the management and development of watersheds. The Nangou watershed in Ansai County, Shaanxi on the Loess Plateau, is an area with the implement of “Grain for Green”, ecological agriculture, ecological tourism and the demonstration of science and technology for landscape management. We quantified the spatial and temporal variations of landscape pattern and soil erosion from 1981 to 2018 using the GIS and the universal soil loss equation (USLE). The relationship between the soil erosion modulus and nine landscape pattern indices in three categories was analyzed using the principal component analysis at both plot and landscape levels. The results showed that, among the five landscape types, the spatial and temporal changes of cultivated land and woodland dominated the evolution of landscape patterns, which affected the concentration and distribution degree of the whole watershed. Soil erosion in the Nangou watershed decreased annually, with erosion area, erosion modulus and soil erosion intensity decreasing by 29.7%, 61.2%, and 73.4% from 1981 to 2018, respectively. The variation of cultivated land and forest land areas determined the changes of soil erosion modulus of the whole watershed. The change trend of landscape pattern index was consistent with that of soil erosion. “Grain for Green” Project was the major dri-ving force for the changes in the landscape pattern and for the reduction of soil erosion. The characteristic development and management could weaken soil erosion intensity in parts of the study area. The rational configuration of landscape types could effectively control soil erosion in a watershed. The combination of rational configuration and characteristic management could help achieve the goals for sustainable and high quality development of the watershed.
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    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 0-0.  
    Abstract177)      PDF(pc) (16403KB)(325)       Save
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    Convergent cross mapping method and its application in ecology
    WANG Dan-yu, ZHU Yuan-jun, YANG Xiao-hui
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (12): 4539-4548.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.036
    Abstract857)      PDF(pc) (1899KB)(300)       Save
    The convergent cross mapping (CCM) is a method to analyze causality of nonlinear time series variables. Different from the traditional linear system analysis method, CCM gets historical information based on their state space reconstruction. The presence of causality can be confirmed when the estimated values perform convergent with time series extension. Here, we introduced the develop-ment history of CCM and its advantages over the traditional Granger causality test, and elaborated the principle, algorithm process, and implementation approach. As a system analysis method aiming at the coupling relationship between variables from weak to moderate, CCM can effectively solve the complex causality among nonlinear multivariable in ecosystems. When it is applied to the causality analysis of multi-point time series variables with spatial information, the spatial autocorrelation among points should be fully considered and combined with the method that can remove the spatial correlation between variables and sequences, so as to ensure more accurate causality analysis using CCM and more convincing results.
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    Research progress on the cascade effect of ecosystem service.
    ZHANG Cheng, LI Jing, ZHOU Zi-xiang, LIU Xian-feng
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (5): 1633-1642.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202105.029
    Abstract996)      PDF(pc) (1321KB)(261)       Save
    The ecosystem services cascade (ESC), which connects the components of ecosystem services with social value and builds a bridge between natural science and social science, can help decision-makers better integrate the concept of ecosystem services into decision-making. We reviewed the concept and the research progress of ESC. From the perspective of theory, the theoretical research of ESC mainly focused on how to accurately define each component and the causal relationship among different components, improve the practicability and applicability of ESC model, and how to effectively connect stakeholders and ecosystem service structure. From the perspective of application, ESC played an important role in ecosystem services mapping, ecosystem services assessment, and policy making. There were still great uncertainties in index selection and mutual feedback mechanism. Future research should be strengthened from the following aspects: to pay more attention to the structure process and classification standard of ecosystem services, to make up the lack of ESC of the feedback mechanism through multi-model fusion and regional survey, and to provide scientific guidance for human-earth coupling and sustainable development combined with regional characteristics .
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    Quantitative stable isotope probing technique and its applications in microbial ecology
    ZOU Wen-xuan, SHEN Ju-pei, ZHANG Li-mei, HU Ang, WANG Jian-jun, HE Ji-zheng
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (7): 2615-2622.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.032
    Abstract940)      PDF(pc) (1235KB)(244)       Save
    Quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) is a powerful tool, which links microbial taxon with functional metabolism in ecosystems and quantitatively determines the metabolic activity or growth rate of individual microbial taxa exposed to isotope tracers in the environment. qSIP technique employs quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing and stable isotope probing (SIP) techniques. The procedure involves adding labeled substrates to environmental samples for cultivation, separating labeled heavy fraction from unlabeled light fraction via isopycnic ultracentrifugation, making absolute quantification and sequencing analysis for microbial populations in all fractions, and then quantifying the isotope abundance of DNA involved in uptake and transformation based on the DNA density curve of unlabeled treatment and GC content. Here, we reviewed the rationale, data analysis and application of qSIP in microbial ecology, and discussed the existing problems and prospects of qSIP.
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    Radial growth dynamics of Chinese fir and its response to seasonal drought
    MENG Sheng-wang, YANG Feng-ting, DAI Xiao-qin, WANG Hui-min
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (10): 3521-3530.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202110.031
    Abstract214)      PDF(pc) (2922KB)(235)       Save
    We explored the seasonal dynamics and climate responses of radial variation of Chinese fir, we continuously monitored intra-annual stem radial size changes with the automated dendrometers in central Jiangxi Province in 2016 and 2017. We analyzed daily and seasonal dynamics of radial variations, and their Spearman correlations with climatic factors. We found that the diurnal radial variations had a pattern of contraction during the day and expansion at night. The growth onset in 2017 was one month earlier than that in 2016, whereas the continuous tree water deficit in the dry season caused the cessation one month early. During the main growing season (from April to September), the radial increment was significantly positively correlated with precipitation and relative humidity but negatively correlated with photosynthetically active radiation and vapor pressure deficit in both wet and dry seasons. However, the correlation for tree water deficit was opposite to stem radial increment. Severe water deficit significantly enhanced the impacts of soil water content on stem radial variation in the dry season. Moisture condition was always the key factor affecting stem radial variation of Chinese fir. Appropriate measures such as increasing soil water content could promote stem radial growth during summer drought.
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    Spatial and temporal trends and drivers of fractional vegetation cover in Heilongjiang Province, China during 1990-2020
    ZHAO Nan, ZHAO Yinghui, ZOU Haifeng, Bai Xiaohong, ZHEN Zhen
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1320-1330.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.021
    Abstract186)      PDF(pc) (3648KB)(235)       Save
    Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) is a quantitative indicator for vegetation growth conditions and ecosystem change. Clarifying the spatial and temporal trends and driving factors of FVC is an important research content of global and regional ecological environment. Based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud computing platform, we estimated FVC in Heilongjiang Province from 1990 to 2020 using the pixel dichotomous model. We analyzed the temporal and spatial trends and drivers of FVC using Mann-Kendall mutation test, Sen's slope analysis with Mann-Kendall significance test, correlation analysis, and structural equation model. The results showed that the estimated FVC based on the pixel dichotomous model had high accuracy (R2>0.7, root mean square error <0.1, relative root mean square error <14%). From 1990 to 2020, the annual average FVC in Heilongjiang was 0.79, with a fluctuating upward trend (0.72-0.85) and an average annual growth rate of 0.4%. The annual average FVC at the municipal administrative districts level also showed different levels of increase of FVC. The area with extremely high FVC dominated the Heilongjiang Province with a gradual increase proportion. The area with increasing trend of FVC accounted for 67.4% of the total area, whereas the area with decreasing trend only accounted for 26.2%, and the rest remained unchanged. The correlation of human activity factor on annual average FVC was higher than that of growing season monthly average meteorological factor. The human activity factor was the main driver for FVC change in Heilongjiang Province, followed by land use type. The total effect of monthly average meteorological factor during the growing season on FVC change was negative. The results would serve as technical support for long-term FVC monitoring and driving force analysis in Heilongjiang Province, and provide a reference for ecological environment restoration and protection, as well as the formulation of related land use policy.
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    Accounting and red uction path of carbon emission firom facility agriculture in China
    YIN Yan, XI Feng-ming, BING Long-fei, WANG Jiao-yue, LI Jie-ying, DU Li-yu, LIU Li
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (11): 3856-3864.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.019
    Abstract1278)      PDF(pc) (2084KB)(227)       Save
    Facility agriculture, a typical agricultural production management mode, could affect carbon cycle due to its unique production environmental conditions and highly intensive utilization. With the five main sources as accounting objects, including agricultural film investment, energy consumption, pesticide and fertilizer application, CO2 fertilizer application, and facility soil, we estimated the amount and intensity of carbon emission of three facility agriculture (continuous greenhouse, solar greenhouse, and plastic greenhouse) in 31 provinces in 2018. The results showed that the total carbon emission of facility agriculture in China was 210.3817 million t CO2e, with the three facility agriculture types of plastic greenhouse, solar greenhouse, and continuous greenhouse accounting for 60.2%, 37.4% and 2.4%, respectively. Carbon emission of facility agriculture was mainly contributed by soil greenhouse gas, agricultural film and supplies investment. Carbon emission per unit area of continuous greenhouses was significantly lower than that of solar and plastic greenhouses. The scientific capital allocation rate and facility agriculture scale were the two main factors influencing the carbon emission in facility agriculture. Based on all the results, we presented the carbon emission reduction path from the three perspectives of improving the scientific investment, material consumption utilization rate, and facility area utilization rate of facility agriculture.
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    Effect of thinning intensity on natural regeneration of Larix principis-rupprechtii
    Feng Yonghan, YAN Jue, GUO Yu, ZHAO Yi, DONG Yuan, LIANG Wenjun, WEI Xi, BI Huaxing
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1169-1177.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.006
    Abstract176)      PDF(pc) (1402KB)(224)       Save
    We analyzed the impacts of thinning intensity on the natural regeneration of Larix principis-rupprechtii in Shanxi Pangquangou Nature Reserve, with an experiment of five thinning intensities (5%, 25%, 45%, 65% and 85%). We constructed a structural equation model of thinning intensity-understory habitat-natural regeneration by using correlation analysis. The results showed that the regeneration index of moderate thinning (45%) and intensive thinning (85%) stand land was significantly higher than that of other thinning intensities. The constructed structural equation model had good adaptability. The effects of thinning intensity on each factor were as follows: soil alkali-hydrolyzable (-0.564) > regeneration index (0.548) > soil bulk density (-0.462) > average height of seed tree (-0.348) > herb coverage (-0.343) > soil organic matter (0.173) > undecomposed litter layer thickness (-0.146) > total soil nitrogen (0.110). Thinning intensity had a positive impact on the regeneration index, which was mainly through adjusting height of the seed tree, accelerating litter decomposition, improving soil physical and chemical properties, and thus indirectly promoting the natural regeneration of L. principis-rupprechtii. Tending thinning could effectively improve the survival environment of regeneration seedlings. From the perspective of natural regeneration of L. principis-rupprechtii, moderate thinning (45%) and intensive thinning (85%) were more reasonable in the follow-up forest management.
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    Radial growth responses of three coniferous species to climate change on the southern slope of Funiu Mountains, China
    LI Zhenjiang, YU Chenyi, LIU Shengyun, YAN Ruihuan, HUANG Xindeng, LIU Xiaojing, CHEN Zhicheng, WANG Ting
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1178-1186.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.004
    Abstract195)      PDF(pc) (3021KB)(210)       Save
    Funiu Mountains are located in a transition region between warm temperate zone and northern subtropical region, where a variety of plant species are distributed with sensitive response to climate change. Their response characteristics to climate change are still unclear. We developed the basal area increment (BAI) index chronologies of Pinus tabuliformis, P. armandii, and P. massoniana in the Funiu Mountains to examine their growth trend and their sensitivity to climatic change. The results showed that the BAI chronologies gave a clue that the three conife-rous species had similar radial growth rate. The large Gleichlufigkeit (GLK) indices among the three BAI chronologies also indicated that the three species had a similar growth trend. Results of correlation analysis showed that the three species also had similar response to climatic change to a certain extent. Radial growth of all the three species was significantly positively correlated with the total monthly precipitation in December of previous year and June of the current year, but negatively correlated with the precipitation in September and the mean monthly temperature in June of the current year. There were some differences in the responses of the three coniferous to climate change. P. massoniana had a significant negative correlation with the mean temperature in March, and a significant positive correlation with the precipitation in March, while P. armandii and P. massoniana were affected negatively by the maximum temperature in August. Results of the moving correlation analysis showed that the three coniferous species had some similar sensitivity to climate change. Their positive responses to precipitation in previous December consistently increased, as well as the negative correlation with precipitation in current September. As to P. masso-niana, they had a relatively stronger climatic sensitivity and higher stability than the other two species. It would be more suitable for P. massoniana trees on the southern slope of the Funiu Mountains under global warming.
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    Effects of field soil warming on the growth and physiology of Juglans mandshurica seedlings
    YU Xin-lei, YUAN Jun-feng, LIU Dong-wei, CHEN Jin-hui, YAN Qiao-ling
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (1): 11-17.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.009
    Abstract179)      PDF(pc) (1717KB)(197)       Save
    Global climate change will increase surface soil temperature, with consequences on plant seedling growth and population dynamics. In this study, we carried out a field experiment to investigate the effects of 2 ℃ soil warming on the growth and physiological characteristics of 1- and 2-year-old seedlings of a dominant tree species in broadleaved Korean pine forest, Juglans mandshurica. The results showed that soil warming significantly increased basal diameter, root length, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, root dry weight, total biomass, apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate (ETR), PSⅡ actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ), and apparent photosynthetic electrophotochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of 1-year-old seedlings by 18.3%, 66.7%, 94.4%, 105.9%, 95.8%, 37.8%, 89.5%, 100.0%, and 71.4%, respectively. Soil warming significantly increased basal diameter, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, total biomass, leaf superoxide dismutase activity, peroxidase activity, catalase activity and free proline content, ETR, ΦPSⅡ, and qP of 2-year-old seedlings by 12.5%, 180.5%, 97.3%, 42.5%, 23.9%, 20.4%, 14.9%, 20.7%, 66.7%, 283.3% and 284.6%, respectively. There was an interaction between seedling age and soil warming on the root-shoot ratio and the ΦPSⅡ and qP in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, in that soil warming significantly reduced the root-shoot ratio of 2-year-old seedlings and that the increase of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of 2-year-old seedlings (4.1-4.6 times) was much higher than that of 1-year-old seedlings (1.5-1.8 times). Soil warming of 2 ℃ was beneficial to the growth of 1- and 2-year-old J. mandshurica seedlings and increased their regeneration potential. In particular, 2-year-old J. mandshurica seedlings responded to soil warming by increasing leaf area, improving leaf photochemical efficiency, and enhancing protective enzyme activity to increase resistance.
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    Research progress on soil soluble organic nitrogen
    QUAN Zhi, LIU Xuan-ang, LIU Dong
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2022, 33 (1): 277-288.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202201.010
    Abstract444)      PDF(pc) (1154KB)(193)       Save
    Soluble organic nitrogen (SON) and inorganic N are two crucial nitrogen (N) forms in the cycling of N within terrestrial ecosystems, acting as either a “source” or a “sink” to the environmental N release. The mineralization, retention, leaching, and plant absorption of N in terrestrial ecosystems are closely related to SON. As a result, the role of SON in soil material circulation and nutrient flow has attracted much attention and has become one of the hotspots in various research fields, such as ecology, environmental science, soil science, and hydrology. We reviewed the research progress on soil SON, including the definition and quantification, the size and composition, the absorption and utilization by plants and microorganisms, the sources and influencing factors, and the transformation, migration, and leaching loss of SON. SON is a complex collection of multi-component soluble organic matter, mainly as recalcitrant components (difficult to degrade), with relatively low proportion as labile components (easily degradable). Due to the difference in the turnover time among recalcitrant and labile components, the roles of SON in N cycling and turnover cannot be fully represented by the SON quantity. Therefore, to accurately reflect the role of SON in N turnover, N uptake, and N leaching, it is necessary to establish new methods and distinguish between recalcitrant and labile SON components in future studies. When studying the role of SON in N conversion and N absorption, it is essential to focus on its labile components. When studying the contribution of soil SON to N leaching or runoff loss, it is necessary to focus on the recalcitrant components.
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    Manipulative experiments networks on response and adaptation of terrestrial ecosystems to environmental changes: Building the research methods and technology system
    YU Gui-rui, NIU Shu-li, LI Fa-dong, ZHANG Lei-ming, CHEN Wei-nan
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (7): 2275-2289.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202107.036
    Abstract785)      PDF(pc) (5051KB)(189)       Save
    The feedback relationship between organisms or ecosystems and environment has been a key issue in ecological research. Manipulative experiments with changing biological or environmental factors and large-scale field experiment networks were regarded as effective approaches to understand and accurately quantify the process and mechanisms underlying ecosystem response and adaptation to environmental changes. In recent years, a few networks have been developed, including large-scale networks of field physics simulation experiment (i.e., ECOTRON), ecosystem analysis and experiment platform (AnaEE), international Drought Network, Nutrient Network, and experiment networks based on regional ecological observation stations (i.e., USA-ILTER) at global scale. The development of continent-scale experiment network platform is attracting more attention from the academic community, and will play a more important role in understanding the process and mechanism underlying ecosystem responses to environmental change. We reviewed the development of method and experiment system of ecosystem manipulative experiments, and clearly pointed out that different experiments should form a joint collaborative system to answer fundamental scientific questions about the response and adaptation of ecosystem to global environment change. Manipulative experiments could be classified into four types: 1) Physiological and ecological experiments in closed laboratory equipment; 2) semi-open experiments with changing environmental factors in the field; 3) near-natural field experiments; 4) experiment networks based on field ecological station. Furthermore, we discussed the trends in network design of manipulative experiments focusing on ecosystem response and adaptation to environmental changes and the advantages of large-scale experiments based on natural environmental gradients. We put forward a proposal of integrating the technical advantages of different types of experiments and developing a new generation of field experiment network system. The study discussed the research system based on field experiment network, demonstrated the possibility to understand the patterns and mechanisms of the ecosystem short-term response and long-term adaptation to environmental changes, and proposed some equations to quantify the environmental response of ecosystems. The application of the design plan of the manipulative experiments network proposed here will greatly promote the scientific research level of ecosystems and environmental changes in China and even over the whole world, which has important scientific significance for the national response to climate change and ecological environmental construction.
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    Data-driven study of complex socio-economic-natural ecosystems: Scales, processes and decision linkages
    XUE Bing, LI Hong-qing, HUANG Bei-jia, WANG He-ming, ZHAO Xue-yan, FANG Kai, CHEN Cheng, CHEN Wei-qiang, SHI Lei, GOU Xiao-hua
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2022, 33 (12): 3169-3176.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.039
    Abstract267)      PDF(pc) (516KB)(188)       Save
    The social-economic-natural system is a complex system for human survival and development, and the data-driven system research provides a new value-added orientation to enhance the cognition of the ecosystem. Under the new data context, the social-economic-natural complex system shows new features. The research object is gradually changing from a single element to a multi-factor coupling direction, which makes the data system more diversified, data sources more extensive, data expression more visualized. The research scale shows the characteristics of gradually expanding, and the research object would be more detailed. In the process of data identification, expression and visualization, it is therefore necessary to strengthen the coupling of time, space, structure, quantity and order, as well as to focus on the integration with decision making and local services. The future research of complex ecosystems in the new era should be carried out in terms of key scientific issues and supporting technologies, the role of scale and multi-factor coupling, as well as scientific and technological support for local and global governance. Under the continuous innovation of data, strengthening the cognition of multi-source data, long-term monitoring and time series still needs to be studied in depth. Carrying out data-driven analysis of complex ecosystems not only provides technical support for ecosystem services and sustainable development and enhances the long-term data sharing mechanism, but also provides more value support for realizing decision making and information dissemination.
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    Effects of liming on soil respiration and its sensitivity to temperature in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations
    TIAN Ning, HUANG Xuemei, CHEN Longchi, HUANG Ke, TAO Xiao
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1194-1202.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.011
    Abstract158)      PDF(pc) (1564KB)(186)       Save
    The primary distribution area of acid deposition coincides with areas of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations. Liming is an effective method of restoring acidified soil. To understand the effects of liming on soil respiration and temperature sensitivity within the context of acid deposition, we measured soil respiration and its components in Chinese fir plantations for one year beginning in June 2020, with 0, 1 and 5 t·hm-2 calcium oxide being added in 2018. The results showed that liming considerably increased soil pH and exchangeable Ca2+ concentration, and that there was no significant difference among different levels of lime application. Soil respiration rate and components in the Chinese fir plantations exhibited seasonal variations, with the highest values during the summer and the lowest values during the winter. Although liming did not alter seasonal dynamics, it strongly inhibited heterotrophic respiration rate and increased autotrophic respiration rate of soil, with minor effect on total soil respiration. The monthly dynamics of soil respiration and temperature were largely consistent. There was a clear exponential relationship between soil respiration and soil temperature. Liming increased temperature sensitivity Q10 of soil respiration and autotrophic respiration but reduced that of soil heterotrophic respiration. In conclusion, liming promoted soil autotrophic respiration and strongly inhibited soil heterotrophic respiration in Chinese fir plantations, which would facilitate soil carbon sequestration.
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    Review on supply and demand of ecosystem service and the construction of systematic framework
    YI Dan, XIAO Shan-cai, HAN Yi, OU Ming-hao
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2021, 32 (11): 3942-3952.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.011
    Abstract654)      PDF(pc) (1695KB)(181)       Save
    The supply and demand of ecosystem services are related to both natural ecosystems and socio-economic systems. The research on the supply and demand of ecosystem services would help enhance ecosystem management and achieve optimal allocation of resources, which ensures regional ecological security and sustainable development of socio-economic. Based on a systematic review of international literature, we comprehensively reviewed the conceptual connotation, evaluation metho-ds, and practical application of ecosystem service supply and demand. Although relatively abundant investigations have been conducted from the perspective of theoretical development, they are still scattered and lacking a coherent research framework. Based on expanding the scope of research on the supply and demand of ecosystem service, we constructued a research framework that referred to “qualitative-positioning-quantitative-policymaking” in accordance with the research pattern of “theory-methodology-practice”. To promote the theoretical and practical research on the supply and demand of ecosystem service, future research needs to focus on the spatial delivery mechanism, strengthen the research on quantitative methods, deepen the management and application practice, and establish the evaluation mechanism of ecosystem service supply and demand application.
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    Responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption of understory plants to microscale soil nutrient hetero-geneity in Chinese fir plantation
    ZHI Kexiang, GUAN Xin, LI Renshan, WANG Jiao, DUAN Xuan, CHEN Bohan, ZHANG Weidong, YANG Qingpeng
    Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology    2023, 34 (5): 1187-1193.   DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202305.003
    Abstract160)      PDF(pc) (1064KB)(177)       Save
    We compared the interspecific differences in leaf nutrient resorption of two dominant understory species (Lophatherum gracile and Oplimenus unulatifolius), and analyzed the correlations between the intraspecific efficiency of leaf nutrient resorption and nutrient properties of soil and leaves in Chinese fir plantation. The results showed high soil nutrient heterogeneity in Chinese fir plantation. Soil inorganic nitrogen content and available phosphorus content varied from 8.58 to 65.29 mg·kg-1 and from 2.43 to 15.20 mg·kg-1 in the Chinese fir plantation, respectively. The soil inorganic nitrogen content in O. undulatifolius community was 1.4 times higher than that in L. gra-cile community, but there was no significant difference in soil available phosphorus content between the two communities. Both leaf nitrogen and phosphorus resorption efficiency of O. unulatifolius was significantly lower than that of L. gracile under the three measurement bases of leaf dry weight, leaf area, and lignin content. Resorption efficiency in L. gracile community expressed on leaf dry weight was lower than that expressed on leaf area and lignin content, while resorption efficiency expressed on leaf area was the lowest in O. unulatifolius community. The intraspecific resorption efficiency was significantly correlated with leaf nutrient contents, but was less correlated with soil nutrient content, and only the nitrogen resorption efficiency of L. gracile had significant positive correlation with soil inorganic nitrogen content. The results indicated that there was significant difference in the leaf nutrient resorption efficiency between the two understory species. Soil nutrient heterogeneity exerted a weak effect on the intraspecific nutrient resorption, which might be attributed to high soil nutrient availability and potential disturbance from canopy litter in Chinese fir plantation.
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