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Table of Content

    24 October 1994, Volume 5 Issue 4
    Articles
    Protective maturity(PM) and regeneration of shelterbelts
    Jiang Fengqi, Zhu Jiaojun, Zhou Xinhua, Lin Heming
    1994, 5(4):  337-341. 
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    Based and on a detail approach to the PM of shelterbelt on the growth pattern of it, the methods for determining PM and regeneration ages(RA) are established. Initial protective maturity age (IPMA) and RA of 5 poplar species shelterbelts such as Populus beijingensis, P. xiaozhuanica ect. are determined as the examples. Meanwhile, benefit evaluation in different regeneration patterns is also made in this paper.
    Comparative study on pure pine and mixed multi-storied stands in east Anhui
    Pan Guoxing, He Min
    1994, 5(4):  342-348. 
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    Based on the investigations of pure pine and mixed multi-storied stands in east Anhui,their volume growth and soil physico-chemical properties are compared, and internal illumination conditions of the stands and physiological and ecological characteristics of forest trees under shade are analyzed. It's believed that a working plan system for establishing an artificial multi-storied stand which may bring the multi-benefits into full play is an effective way of forest management in this region.
    Biochemical compositions in rhizospheric soil of Robinia pseudoacacia and Sophora japonica and their influence on nutrition or associated poplar
    Fan Jungang
    1994, 5(4):  349-354. 
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    In this paper,the contents of free amino acid and phytohormone IAA in root suface rhizospheric and rhizoplane soils of Populus bejingensis, Robinia pseudoacacia and Sophora japonica are analysed, and the (contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and chlorophyll in poplar leaves and their net photosynthetic rate (NPR) and stomatal resistance (SR) under different treatments (pure poplar or mixed with leguminous trees) are measured. The results show that the total content and composition of free amino acids in rhizoplane soil of tree species tested are quite different, and the amino acid content rhizospheric soil is lower than that of rhizosplane soil. The IAAcontent in rhizoplane and rhizospheric soils of tree species tested is in order of Robinia pseudoacacia>Sophora japonica >Populus beijingensis. After mixed with leguminous trees, the nutritional condition of Populus beijingensis is improved, its NPR is greatly increased, and SR is decreased.
    Energy study on agroforestry systems in northern Hennan Huanghuaihai plain
    Wu Gang, Feng Zongwei
    1994, 5(4):  355-359. 
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    Energy study on three agroforestry systems in northern Henan Huanghuaihai plain shows that the annual net energy fixed by Populus×euramericana-Triticum and Zea mays(POTZ) system is 43.6235×1010·ha-1, that by Paulownia-Triticum and Zea mays(PATZ) system is 45.6426×1010·ha-1, and that by Mains pumila-Triticum and Arachis hypogaea(MTA) system is 49.6000 ×1010J·ha-1. The existing energy is respectively 55.2174×1010, 57.7595×1010 and 78.4699×1010J·ha-1, and the utilization efficiency of light energy is respectively 1.000, 1.047 and 1.138%. In comparing with farmland system(FLS), the energy efficiency of thes, three agroforestry systems increases by 11.88,14.45 and 28.25%, respectively. From the viewpoint of energy, MTA system is the optimal one.
    Establishmemt or sustainable land use model in southern Jiangsu hilly region
    Yuan Congyi, Zhao Qiangji, Zhen Jianchu, Zhao Jianhong, Liu Huazhou
    1994, 5(4):  360-364. 
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    Studies on biotic structure and function of farmlands in southern Jiangsu hilly region show that a compound agroecosystem can be established through afforesting bare hills and sloping lands or reclaiming them into tea garden, orchard and artificial grassland, and excavating fish ponds. An unit model of sustainable land use in this region is formulated as:hills and sloping lands-stereoscopic use for forest, tea garden, orchard and artificial grassland, erraced field-rational distribution of grain fodder, economic and green manure crops, animal husbandry-overall development of pig, poultry, dairy and fish, resource utilization-planting, animal husbandry and primary processing of farm products.On the basis of stabilized grain production. the total income from farming, forestry, animal husbandry. side-line production and fishery is increased by 2.3 times, both the income from unit land area of agricultural uses and average income per capita from agricultural industries are increased by 2.7 times.
    Transformation of Pand Zn in a cinnamon soil and its relation to sustainable agriculture in easily dried region
    Zou Bangji, Wang Hong, Mo Runcang
    1994, 5(4):  365-370. 
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    The characteristics of P and Zn transformations in a cinnamon soil are investigated by field micro-plot experiment and chemical fractional extraction method. It is found that Ca2-P and Ca8-P in this soil are the most active forms, and the circulative capacity of Ca8-P can reach to a large amount which exceeds the Puptake of single cropping plants by more than 9-fold. Among the forms of Zn, EX-Zn and CARB-Zn are the most active forms, and the circulative capacity of CARB-Zn can also reach up to a large amount which exceeds the Zn uptake of single cropping plants by more than 19-fold. Therefore, the mechanism controlling the supply and storage of Zn and coordinating the fluctuation of soil moisture is constituted mainly by Ca8-P and CARB-Zn pools. Enriching Ca8-P and CARB-Zn pools by fertilization is beneficial to intensify the drought resistance by crops, to increase the use efficiency of water and nutrients, and to advance the development of sustainable agriculture in easily dived region.
    Effect of fire on plant composition of Aneurolepidium chinense steppe
    Zhou Daowei, Liu Zhongling
    1994, 5(4):  371-377. 
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    In normal season of grassland fire occurrence, the effect of different fire regimes on plant composition of Aneurolepidium chinense on Hulunber and Xilinguole grasslands is studied. The results show that on Hulunber grassland, the community density, species richness and diversity are increased, but the eveness is decreased after early spring burning. On Xilinguole grassland, the community density, species diversity and eveness are decreased, but the species richness is increased after Autumn burning. Continuous twice burning induces the increase of population density of A. chinense and several annual and biennial plant species, the decrease of community density and diversity of other populations, and the withdrawing of some species from the community.
    Application of multivariate analysis on studying relationship between plant morphological structure and ecological environment
    He Jinsheng, Wang Xunling
    1994, 5(4):  378-384. 
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    In this paper, multivariate analysis is used to study the morphological and anatomical features of Quercus suber under different environmental conditions. 33 plant samples are taken, and 17 indices are selected. The results show that two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) can better cluster the samples under similar ecological environments, and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and principal components analysis(PCA) can give satisfied results. The cluster and ordination analyses of plant morphological and anatomical features can also be used to study the continuity and discontinuity of variations of individual features, and be useful to plant classification.
    Ecological features of matter conversion of mushroom(Pleurotus ostreatus) cultured on different media
    Bian Xinmin, Zhang Xigu, Zhu Puping
    1994, 5(4):  385-388. 
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    The ecological features of matter conversion of mushroom cultured on sterilized and bagged wheat straw and cotton seed shells are studied in the paper. No significant difference of conversion rate (Rc) was found. but significant difference was existed in residue rate (Rr) and dissipation rate (Rd) when mushroom was grown on different media. Highly significant linear regressions were found between Rc, Rd and Rr. In different treatments, the regression coefficients (b) of Rd against Re are consistent, but the regression intercepts (a) have larger variation ; both b and a of Rd against Rr show a significant variation with very closed ratios of b/a. The results indicat that the dissipation of original materials for mushroom cultivation could be devided into two parts: the basic dissipation irrelative with mushroom yield and the direct production dissipation positivily correlated with output rate of mushroom production.
    Relationship between contents in "Qinyou2" rape and pterygote rate of Lipahis erysimi
    Zou Yunding, Hu Lijuan, Meng Qinglei, Huang Shixiang, Yang Yihe
    1994, 5(4):  389-395. 
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    The influence of contents in "Qinyou 2" rape under application of different rates of N,P and Kfertilizers on pterygote rate of Lipahis erysimi is studied, and eight mathematical models are established. The results show that soluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, carbohydrate/ protein and serine affect significantly the pterygote rate of Lipahis erysimi. Secondly, some main factors affecting its pterygote rate are aspartate, threonine, glutamate, glycine, alanine, methionine, isoleucine. leucine, tyrosine, water content, water soluble protein, amide nitrogen and phosphorus content.
    Resource enhancement of arkshell(Scapharca(Anadara) broughtonii) in Shandong offshore waters
    Tang Qisheng, Qiu Xianyin, Wangjun, Guo Xuewu, Yang Aiguo
    1994, 5(4):  396-402. 
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    In this paper, a study of resource enhancement of one oceanic shellfish, Scapharca (Anadara) broughlonii is reported, which includes artificial seed-breeding, mid-culture of young arkshell, bottom releasing as well as enhancement biology etc.. The results show that: 1)a complete industrialization of artificial seed-breeding can be realized by means of drying in the shadow, water running, raising water temperature, stimulating with sperm and bleaching agent etc., 2) the inland bays and prawn culture ponds with abundant forage and no rough waves are the suitable mid-culture waters for young arkshell. The main growth period of larvae is from July to November. Age 0 arkshell will grow better at the temperature little higher than the upper limit of the optimum temperature for adult, but the overwintered young arkshell cannot survive when the water temperaure is over 26℃; 3) the key point of enhancement releasing is to choose few predators and stable bottom area. The shell length of 2.0-2.5cm is the ideal releasing size, and the recapture rate one year after releasing is more than 50%. The releasing arkshell can reach the commercial size when their shell length grows to 5 cm. 1.5 years after releasing, and the enhancement effect is remarkable.
    Co-metabolic and synergic phenol-degradation mechanisms of Eichhornia crassipes and its rhizospheric microorganisms
    Zheng Shizhang, Le Yiquan, Wu Hui, Wang Ming, Zhao Dajun
    1994, 5(4):  403-408. 
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    The study shows that Eichhornia crassipes can not only concentrate exotic phenol compounds, but also transfer them to other non-toxic ones when grown in an environment containing <150μg. ml-1 of phenol. Its rhizospheric microorganisms can degradate the exotic phenolic compounds through meta-and orth-pathway. The co-metabolism of phenols by Eichhornia crassipes and its rhizospheric microorganisms could construct a high efficient synergic phenol-degradation biosystem: in media containing 50μg. ml-1 of phenol, Eichhoria crassing and its rhizospheric microorganisms can degradate phenol only about 1.9% and 37.9%, respectively in 10 hours, but the biosystem can degradate it up to 97.5% under the same condition.
    Management of forest fire in Australia and fire ecology
    D. M. Chapman, Guo Ruiping
    1994, 5(4):  409-414. 
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    Fire disaster occurs frequently in Australia. Each year, several large wildfires break out in forests, and induce severe economic loss and serious ecological impacts. It is therefore very important for ecologists in Australia to research fire ecology and fire management. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of forest fire, characteristics of fuel, fire behaviour and its effect on environment, and ways to control and minimize the hazard of forest fire.
    Paddy field ecosystem under natural zero-tillage
    Xie Deti, Wei Chaofu, Yang Jianhong
    1994, 5(4):  415-421. 
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    Natural zero-tillage is a new tillage method for paddy field, through which, the microrelief of earth surface can be varied artificially, and a paddy field ecosystem adaptive to the multiple cropping and rotation of low land and up land crops and characterized by the yearround symbiosis of fish, duckweeds and ducks can be established. This method can promote the exchange of matter, energy and information between inner and outer soil environment, harmonize water, heat, gas and nutrient, and through the effect of environment networks, intensify the buffering--regulating capacity between environment and organisms and promote the self-regulation capacity and ordered degree of soil.
    Tree ring analysis on relation of Pinus massoniana growth to climate factors
    Lan Tao, Xia Bing, He Shanan
    1994, 5(4):  422-424. 
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    The relationship between mean ring index of Pinius massoniana and mean month air temperature and precipitation in east China is analyzed by regression models. The results show that month precipitation plays an important role for the diameter growth of the pine, while mean month air temperature has a little influence on it. The diameter growth shows significantly positive response to the precipitation in April, May, June, July, September, October and November, and negative response to the precipitation in January, March and last December.
    Variation of oncomelania density in forest-agrosystem before and after flood periods and its control strategies
    Peng Zhenhua, Yao Yongkang, Kang Zhongmin, Sun Qixiang
    1994, 5(4):  425-427. 
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    To understand the dynamics of oncomelania population in a river shoal forest-agrosystem and its neighbouring ones, the influence of light, temperature, humidity and soil moisture content on oncomelania density is studied. The results show that the increase of its density during flood period can be attributed to its migration from the neighbouring system, and the sharp decrease of it after flood and before the next one is related to the cultivation and intercropping. Countermeasure for controlling oncomelania multiplication are put forward.
    Dynamic models of yak liveweight and its intake in alpine meadow ecosystem
    Huang Daming, Zhao Songling
    1994, 5(4):  428-431. 
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    Yak is one of the important livestock species in alpine animal husbandry of our country. Aliveweight dynamic model of grazing yak is established on the basis of its average liveweight data per month in alpine meadow ecosystem. Moreover, quantitative relationships between the liveweight and the intake, faeces, urine and methane are determined according to the results of experimental researches.
    Screening of bactericidal algicide in a circulting cooling system and their appplication
    Zhang Jingyuan, Sun Baosheng, Zhan Jun, Tong Shumin
    1994, 5(4):  432-434. 
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    In this paper, five kinds of bactericidal algicide with different characteristics are studied and compared with each other by a microbiological method. The results show that when the dosage of OACL is between 1.0 to 10 mg·L-1, the best synergistic effect with the corrosion and scale inhibitor can be obtained. After dosing OACL for 8 hours, the bacteria reduction ratio is more than 90%.
    Comprehensive assessment on pollution status of vegetables in Huhehot
    Yang Zaizhong, Huang Yaqin
    1994, 5(4):  435-437. 
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    Using a m-dimentional cut body-ellipsoidal circulation layer model, the pollution status in Huhehot suburbs is comprehensively assessed on the basis of 4 years monitoring 18 kinds of pollutants existing in 7 kinds of vegetables. The assessment results at different levels are given with tables from different points of view, which are conformed to the real investigation of environmental pollution.
    Compound pollution of Cd and Zn and its ecological effect on rice plant
    Zhou Qixing, Wu Yanyu, Xiong Xianzhe
    1994, 5(4):  438-441. 
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    The study on compound pollution of Cd and Zn on rice plant shows that their compound pollution is more complicated than single pollution. The interaction of Cd and Zn results in a decrease of Zn uptake and an increase of Cd accumulation in rice plant. The effects of Cd-Zn compound pollution on rice growth, and on accumulation and distribution of Cd or Zn in it are of two different characters. Which depend on the Cd and Zn concentrations and their combinations in soil, and also on their locations in different parts of the plant. It is suggested that the compound pollution of Cd and Zn on rice plant is not an unitary additive or antagonistic effect.
    High effective liquid chromatographic analysis of vitamin C in Pinus koraiensis and Picea koraiensis leaves
    Liu Hailing, Du Yingjun, Yang Zhiyong
    1994, 5(4):  442-443. 
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    This paper introduces a high effective liguid chromatographic method for analysing vitamin Cin needles of coniferous trees. The minimum detection limit is 5.0×10-8g, average recovery rate is 89.2-91.8%, and variation coefficient is less than 5%.