Table of Content

25 July 1995, Volume 6 Issue 3

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Articles

Studies on the crown structure and biomass production of Metasequoia glyptostroboides plantations

Fang Shengzuo, Xu Xizeng, Tang Louzhong

1995, 6(3):  225-230. 

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The crown structure, biomass production and dry matter distribution of M.glyptostroboides plantations are studied.The results show that there exists a great difference in crown structure for plantations of various stand density and age.The branch angle is gradually decreased with the rising of crown location and increasing of stand density.The location of largest crown layer and the photosynthesis center of the crown gradually rise with the increasing of DBH.DBH bears close relationship with the crown weight and ratio of branch and leaf.However, DBH is in directly proportion to the crown weight and inversely proportional to the ratio of branch and leaf.The biomass production, distribution pattern of dry matter and economic biomass in the plantations are greatly affected by stand age and planting density.The accumulation trend of aboveground biomass, stem,branch and leaf in the plantations could be described by the use of Richards model.With the stand age increasing, the ratio of distributing the dry matter to the stem increases,but decreases to the branch and leaf.The economic biomass production for architectural timber is in order of 625>2500>1250 plant·ha^-1, and for pulp--making timber is in order of 2500>625>1250 plant·ha^-1 at 15 years.

Effect of thinning intensity on the growth or Cunninghumis lanceolata and Michelia maclurei mixed forests

Deng Shijian, Zhang Jiawu, Chen Chuying

1995, 6(3):  231-236. 

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6 years experiment on four thinning intensities of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Micheliameclurri mixed forest shows that in comparing with control, net growth of DBH for C.lanceofata and M.maclurei is respectively by 70-139% and 11-25%,height by 46-90 and 710%, volume by 54-140 and 10-43%, mean crown height by 26 and 8-13%, growing stock of the stand by 49-75m³.ha-1.The height of first living branch isdecreased by 0.5-3 and 35-48%,but crown width by 1-2% for C.lanceofata,and by 1-8% for M.maclurri.Therefore,it is considered that the thinning intensities of 30% and 40% are better than others,and the remainning trees are 1600-2200plant·ha^-1

Classification and ordination of plant communities in Jingsong Forestry Farm,Changbai Mountain

Zhai Yonghua, Wang Qingli, Yu Zhenliang, Dai Limin, Zhao Shidong

1995, 6(3):  237-242. 

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Based on cluster analysis, 54 sample plots surveyed in Jingsong Forestry Farm, Changbai Mountian are classified into 6 vegetation groups.Then, by means of an modified Braun Blanquet vegetation tabular analysis presented in computer programs, PC-VTAB, a diagnostic summary table is obtained and diagnostic species are determined for each group.Inaddition,to evaluate the efficiency of diagnostic species, a principal component analysis(PCA) is conducted using the available diagnostic species.It is proved that vegetationtabular analysis in PC-VTAB is an efficient way to select diagnostic species, and diagnostic species can significantly imporve the classfication and ordination of plant communities.

Analysis of geographical elements of seed plant species in northeast China

Fu Peiyun, Cao Wei, Li Jiyun

1995, 6(3):  243-250. 

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Through comparing the distribution ranges of 2555 seed plant species in northeast China,their geographical elements can be classified into 27 types and 34 subtypes.Statistical analysis shows that with the exception of a few cosmopolitan species, temperate, cold and tropical species occupy respectively 88.5,6.8 and 4.7%, indicating that the nora is in the nature of temperate.The endemic species of them are 117, belonging to 6 types and 4 subtypes.Their abundance in the region is lower than in most other ones in China.

Protection effect of salt damage by coastal windbreak forest

Wang Shuli, Kong Fanzhi, Guan Dexin

1995, 6(3):  251-254. 

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Observation and analysis of salty dust in the air near coastal windbreak forest show thatatmospheric salty dust can be intercepted and adsorbed by the windbreaks, its mean subsidence amount is 4.3μg· m^-3·100m^-1in the region without windbreaks, and is 18.4μg·m^-3·100m^-1in the region with ones.The adsorption amount of it by the windbreaks la related to the tree species and their size of branches and leaves.The adsorption amount of Cl^- and Na⁺ by Platycladus orientalis is 6330 and 3350mg· kg^-1,but that by Pines thunforii is 1570 and 950 mg· kg^-1 The atmospheric salty dust is depended on the weatherand wind speed.On cloudy day, the greater wind speed is,the higher salt content in theair and the farther transported distance are.

Dynamics of Tetranychus cinnabarinus natural poplation

Wu Qianhong, Yang Guoping, Jing Zuoqin, Wang Haibo, Qian Ji

1995, 6(3):  255-258. 

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Fuzzy cluster analysis on the dynamics of Tetranyschus cinnabarinus population in 1986-1993 shows that the population dynamics is differed in y6ars, areas and plot sizes, and there exists a significant difference between those of immature and adult T.cinnabarinus.

Preliminary study on limited irrigation for spring wheat field in semi-arid region of loess plateau

Li Fengmin, Zhao Songling, Duan Shunshan, Gao Shiming, Feng Bo

1995, 6(3):  259-264. 

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Two years field experiment shows that in semi-arid region of loess plateau, the critical period of limited irrigation for spring wheat field is from 3 leaves stage to boot stage, but owing to high variability of rainfall in the region, the critical period and the effect of increasing yield in various year types of precipitation are different and actual critical period did not coincided with physiological one.The countermeasures for limited irrigation in semi-arid region and water consumption and yield formation processes are discussed in this paper.

Preliminary study on the biomass of Miscanthus sinensis community on loess plateau of north Shanxi Province

Zhu Zhicheng, Jia Denglin

1995, 6(3):  265-270. 

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Seasonal and spatial dynamics of above- and underground biomass of Misothus sinensis community are studied.The results show that its aboveground biomass is maximum inthe second ten days of August, and its underground one is minimum during reviving andmaximum during withering period, which is related to the developmental stage and thetransport of substances.

Analysis of plant individual characteristies on Songnen grassland after different burning time

Zhou Daowei, Zhang Baotian, Zhu Ling

1995, 6(3):  271-276. 

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The height of Aneurolepidium chinense on Songnen grassland is decreased after early and lately burning, especially in late burned plot.No significant difference in its individual weight is found, the difference in production is mainly depended on its density.After burning, leaf number is increased, leaf size is widened, but leaf length is longer in early burned plot than in late one.The height growth of Phragmites communis and Carex duriuscula is affected by buring, but difference of Carex duriuscula in later growth period is disappeared.

Grazing succession pattern or alkalized Aneurolepidium chinense grassland on Sougnen plain

Wang Renzhong, Li Jiandong

1995, 6(3):  277-281. 

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Studies on the effect of different grazing intensities on A.chinense grasslands show that in comparing with light grazing, above-and underground biomass of the community is decreased respectively by 67.96 and 75.00%, and tillers number of root stocks and seed production of A.chinease are decreased by 1.0 and 33X, under overgrazing condition.Under extreme grazing condition, soil organic matter and water content are decreased by 21.1 and 66.5%, and the alkalinity and total salt are increased by one and eight times,respectively.

Isolation and properties or Rifamycin SV-inactivation substance produced by Rif SV-pro-ductive strain

Wu Wenfang, Zhang Chenggang, Lü Anguo, Zhang Lixin, Hu Jiangchun, Zeng Qing

1995, 6(3):  282-286. 

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The productive strain(Amycolatopsis mediterranei) produces a substance for inactivating self-product (Rif SV) in the course of Rif SV-biosynthesis.The experiments demonstrate that it is a protein consisting of 14 kinds of common amino acids including Gin, Asp,Lys, Val and so on.Its molecular weight (MW) is approximately 2.5×10⁴D and its isoelectric point (PI) is 5.7-6.1.After heated at 100℃ for 10 min,its activity is disappeared.The optimum PH range for reacting on Rif SV is 7.4-8.6 and the optimum temperature is 29℃.It is preliminarily identified as a enzyme (temporarily designated as Rifamycin SV-inactivation enzyme).

Effect of inoculating rhizobium on Robinia pseudoacacia seedling growth

Su Fengyan, Li Weiguang, Wang Yuying

1995, 6(3):  287-290. 

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Studies on seedlings of Rodinia pseudoacacia inoculated with rhizobium show that in comparing with control, their height, stem diameter, and plant biomass are increased by 13.8, 14.7, 32.8 and 24.8% respectively, and nitrogen content in the plant by 20-40%.When R.pseudoacacia seedlings are inoculated with rhizobium alone, or both with VA mycorrhizal fungi togther, its biomass is increased by 20 and 40% respectively.

Domestication of Tenualosa reevesii and its biology,Ⅱ Growth characteristics of Pondreared reeves shad and its relation to temperature

Wang Hanping, Zhong Mingyuan, Chen Daqing, Huang Mugui

1995, 6(3):  291-297. 

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Studies on the growth characteristics of pond-reared reeves shad before its maturation show that its gtowtk-rate varies with different seasons and water temperature, being maximum from September to November and from May to July.The optimal water temperature is 25-32℃.Its body weight-body length relationship can be expressed by W=5.0694 × 10^-5L^2.8035, and the general pattern of its annual growth can be expressed by Von Bertalanffy growth equation: L₁= 518.95 [ 1-e^{-0.7351(t-0.8763)}],W_t=2205.5[ 1- e-0.3751(t-0.8763)]³, t_r= 2.8053.Its growth dynamics is represented by its growth rate and accelerated curves.The pond-reared sbad has a high growth potential, and can be cultured commercilly in ponds.

Comparison of total protein, amino acid and glycogen contents in snail, Oncomelania hupensis from river beach and its agro-forestry systems

Peng Weiping, Peng Danming, Yu Fengan, Peng Zhenhua

1995, 6(3):  298-300. 

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The total protein, amino acid and glucogen contents in snail,Oncomelania hupensis from river beach and its agro-forestry systems are determined.The results show that the contents of total protein and 15 amino acids in it are decreased significantly, especially those in the female by 30%.After flood fall, the glycogen content in snails from agro-forestry systems starts to be decreased in two months, and is decreased by 38% in seven months.

Toxicity of Sapium sebiferum and Pterocaryd stenoptera on Oncomelaia hupensis growth

Peng Danming, Zhou Guangxiong, Ma Zu, Song Youxin, Peng Zhenhua, Peng Weiping

1995, 6(3):  301-304. 

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Effect of the extracts from Sapium sebiferum and Pterocarya stenoptera leaves on physiological and biochemical functions of Oncomelania hupensis is studied under natural conditions.The results show that in comparing with beach ecosystem, the glycogen and total protein contents in O.hupensis from P.stenoptera and S.seoprum ecosystems are respectively decreased by 36.3 and 55.7%,27.5 and 54.5%.Specific activities of glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamicpyruvic transaminase(GPT) are increased by 2.7 and 2.6 times, and their mortalities by 62 and 41%,respectively.The relationship between structures and functions of compounds for inhibiting O.hupensis reproduction isdiscussed in this paper.

Observation of prawn baculovirus infecting crab tissue by TEM

Guo Jixiang, Wang Lixia, Li Wenqing, Liu Dan, Wang Shujin

1995, 6(3):  305-307. 

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The ultrastructure of different tissues of diseased crabs in cultured prawn ponds is observed by using TEM.Anumber of baculovirus are found in cell nuclei of liver, stomach,intestine and muscle of diseased crabs.No difference in aspect of viral shape, size and other characterictics, such as infecting nuclei and absence of inclusion bodies between baculovirus found in diseased crabs and those in Penales chinensis was observed.

Selenium in eco-environment of northeast China and its ecological effect

Yin Zhaohan, Cui Jianbo, Ma Xiaoli, Ju Shanjian

1995, 6(3):  308-312. 

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Studies on selenium distribution-and its transforming regularity in different environmental elements of northeast China show that Se contents in bed roch,soil, plant and animal hairs are 0.12, 0.150-0.540, 0.0096-0.0765 and 0.0405-0.1414μg·g^-1,and those in children hairs in urband and rural regions are respectively 0.460 and 0.182μg·g^-1.Based on Se contents in different components and ecological effects,the region is divided into three first-grade areas, e.g.Se suitable area, Se deficiency area and Se transitional area, and each is classified into higher and lower Se source areas.

Buffer action to rice-soil ecosystem to Cu and As pollution

Zhang Keyun, Cao Yu, Xu Lifan, Su Yingsheng, Chen Shuyuan, Xu Hebao, Shi Jianwen, Xie Mingyun

1995, 6(3):  313-316. 

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The Cu and As contents in waters,soils and rice plants around a smeltery are analysed,and their effects on farmland eec-environment are studied.The average concentration of Cu and As in percolated water from paddy soil and in adjacent ponds is respectively 0.059 and 0.070 mg·L^-1 and 31.69 and 42.79pg·L^-1.No significant variation of gradient accumulation of Cu and As is found in paddy soil, and a quite amount of Cu and As is absorbed and accumulated by rice, especially by its root.It is considered that the rice-soil ecosystem itself has a relatively high buffer action to Cu and As pollution.

Soil heavy metal pollution and earthworme isozyme

Guo Yongcan, Wang Zhenzhong, Lai Qin, Zhang Youmei, Xia Weisheng, Yan Hengmei, Deng Jifu

1995, 6(3):  317-322. 

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Esterase and peroxidase isozymes of earthworms in polluted soils are studied with polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis.The results show that the heavy metal content in earthworms is increased with increasing pollution level, which is 2.27 and 7.30 times higher in heavy polluted soil than in medium and light polluted ones.The Cd, Ph and As contents of earthworms in heavy polluted soil are respectively 47.3, 35.2 and 16.32 μg·kg^-1, and their order coefficient is more than 0.66-0.77.The bands and the activity of esterase isozyme are decreased, and those of peroxidase isozyme are increased.

Effect of mercury on sewage purification of immobilized Scenedesmus obliquus and its physiological characteristics

Yan Guoan, Li Yijian, Zhang Zhongxin, Hu Yubo, Wang Zhijian

1995, 6(3):  323-328. 

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The NH₄⁺-N,PO₄^3--P and Hg²⁺ purification efficiency of immobilized Scenedesmus obliquus and its physiological charateristics are studied under different mercury concentrations.The results show that the purification efficiency of immoblilized algae and their resistance to Hg toxicity are much higher than those of suspended ones.Under the concentration of 0.2mg·L^-1 Hg²⁺, there is no effect on purification efficiency of immobilized algae, but that of suspended one becomes decreasing.From 0.8 to 1.4mg·L^-1 Hg²⁺, the NH₄⁺-N and PO₄^3--P purification efficiency of immoblilized algae is decreased with increasing Hg concentration, and that of suspended one is decreased sharply.The removal rate of Hg²⁺ by immoblilized algae is increased with increasing Hg²⁺ concentration, but their OD value for growth, chlorophyll a content, photosynthetic intensity and peroxidase activity are decreased.

Sustainable development: a new approach to man-earth system optimization

Cai Yunlong

1995, 6(3):  329-333. 

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The essence of sustainable development is to optimize the relationship between man and nature and between man and man.Although the supporting capacity of environment for human population is limited, the sustainability of human ecosystem can be realized through cultural adjustment.Such system properties as productivity, stability, resilience,equitability, autonomy and harmony can be used to identify the sustainability of human ecosystem.According to these principles, the approaches to optimize man-earthsystem are to control human demands within the carrying capacity of the system ito make the natural resources reproduction socialization.to equilibrate the demand and supply of natural resources by means of price mechanism, and to bring government intervention and public participation into play.