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    18 December 2006, Volume 17 Issue 12
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    Articles
    Variability of vegetation growth season in different latitudinal zones of North China: A monitoring by NOAA NDVI and MSAVI
    WANG Hong; LI Xiaobing; HAN Ruibo; GE Yongqin
    2006, 17(12):  2236-2240 . 
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    In this study, North China was latitudinally divided into five zones, i.e., 32°～36° N (Zone I), 36°～40° N (Zone II), 40°～44° N (Zone III), 44°～48° N (Zone IV) and 48°～52° N (Zone V), and the NOAA/AVHRR NDVI and MSAVI time-series images from 1982 to 1999 were smoothed with Savitzky-Golay filteralgorithm. Based on the EOF analysis, the principal components of NDVI and MSAVI for the vegetations in different latitudinal zones of North China were extracted, the annual beginning and ending dates and the length of growth season in 1982～1999 were estimated, and the related parameters were linearly fitted, aimed to analyze the variability of vegetation growth season. The results showed that the beginning date of the growth season in different zones tended to be advanced, while the ending date tended to be postponed with increasing latitude. The length of the growth season was also prolonged, with theprolonging time exceeded 10 days.
    Tree-ring width chronology of ancient Chinese pine in Shenyang City
    CHEN Zhenju1,2; SUN Yu1; HE Xingyuan1; SHAO Xuemei3,4;CHEN Wei1;, LI Wenli5;LIU Tiehong5; TIAN Wei5
    2006, 17(12):  2241-2247 . 
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    In this paper, a master tree-ring width chronology of ancient Chinese pine in Zhaoling of Shenyang was developed, which included three chronologies, i.e., Standard, Residual, and Arstan chronology. The chronologies had significant correlations with the extreme minimum temperatures in January and April, precipitation in February, and yearly water vapor pressure. They had strong responses to the water vapor pressures in April, May, September and October, and significantly correlated with RES chronology. The chronologies had higher correlations with yearly, April, May, June, September, October and November relative humidity, among which, the correlations with yearly and May relative humidity were significant. The yearly and most monthly evaporation had negativeeffects on Chinese pine growth, with significant correlations between chronologies and May evaporation, but positive correlations were observed between chronologies and January evaporation. The Chinese pine growth in Shengyang was also affected by the global and hemisphere temperature anomalies. There were 32 extreme drought years corresponded to the extreme narrow or narrow rings in the chronologies during 1700～2004. Solar activity in 1703～2004 and geomagnetic activity in 1868～2004 also affected the chronologies, with high correlations between sunspot number and geomagnetic sudden commencement for STD chronology and ARS chronology, respectively.There were 11 yr, 23 yr and 50 yr common periodical band between solar activity and Chinese pine chronologies, and 10.5 yr, 20 yr and 45 yr common periodical band between geomagnetic sudden commencement and Chinese pine chronologies.
    Effects of cutting intensity on spatial heterogeneity of topsoil temperature in secondary forest in Maoershan region of Heilongjian Province
    GU Jiacun1; WANG Zhengquan1; HAN Youzhi2;WANG Xiangrong1; MEI Li1; ZHANG Xiujuan1; CHENG Yunhuan1
    2006, 17(12):  2248-2254 . 
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    This paper studied the effects of different cutting intensity on the spatial hetero-geneity of topsoil (3～5 cm) temperature in the secondary forest in Maoershan region of Heilongjiang Province. Three treatments were installed, i.e., no cutting (treatment A), 50% of randomly cutting (treatment B), and clear cutting (treat-ment C). Based on the requirements of geostatistic analysis, there were 160, 154 and 154 sampling points with a spatial distance of 0.5～56 m in the treatments A, B and C, respectively. Topsoil temperature was measured by thermometer in spring and summer during the two years after cutting, and the spatial heterogeneity of the temperature was analyzed by semivariogram and Kriging arithmetic. The results showed that after cutting, the mean value of top-soil temperature had an increase of 0.6～4.2 ℃ (P<0.001), and correlated positively with cutting intensity. The spatial heterogeneity and variation degree of topsoil temperature also increased with the increasing intensity of cutting. As for the small scale spatial heterogeneity of topsoil temperature, it was also increased after cutting, but the scale was mainly within the range of <20 m and the composition of spatial heterogeneity was slightly affected. The comparison of Kriging maps suggested that in treatments B and C, the spatial pattern strength of topsoil temperature was enhanced, and the difference between treatments B and C and treatment A was larger in spring than in summer. In treatments B and C, topsoil temperature fluctuated and had similar distribution patterns in the same seasons; while in treatment A, the temperature had a relatively even distribution within the year.
    Responses of Larix gmelinii geographical distribution to future climate change: A simulation study
    LI Feng1,2;ZHOU Guangsheng1; CAO Mingcang3
    2006, 17(12):  2255-2260 . 
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    With warmth index, coldness index, humidity index, mean annual precipitation,minimum temperature in January, and maximum temperature in July as environmental variables, and by using Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Stepwise Generalized Linear Model (SGLM), Generalized Additive Model (GAM), and Classification and Regression Tree (CART), this paper simulated the geographical distribution of Larix gemelinii under the conditions of future climate change. Cohen’s Kappa and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve were used to evaluate the performance of the models, and the most suitable model was selected to predict the geographical distribution. The results showed that all the test models except GLM could simulate the geographical distribution of L. gmelinii very well, and GAM performed best. Climate change would result in a reduction in the suitable area of L. gmelinii by 58.1% under SRES-A2 scenario and by 66.4% under SRES-B2 scenario in 2020. The suitable area of L. gmelinii would be further reduced by 99.7% under SRES-A2 scenario and by 97.9% under SRES-B2 scenario in 2050, and completely disappeared under both scenarios in 2100.
    Simulation of CO2 exchange between forest canopy and atmosphere
    DIAO Yiwei1,2; WANG Anzhi1; JIN Changjie1; GUAN Dexin1;PEI Tiefan1
    2006, 17(12):  2261-2265 . 
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    Estimating the scalar source/sink distribution of CO2 and its vertical fluxes within and above forest canopy continues to be a critical research problem in biosphere-atmosphere exchange processes and plant ecology. With broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains as test object, and based on Raupach’s localized near field theory, the source/sink and vertical flux distribution of CO2 within and above forest canopy were modeled through an inverse Lagrangian dispersion analysis. This model correctly predicted a strong positive CO2 source strength in the deeper layers of the canopy due to soil-plant respiration, and a strong CO2 sink in the upper layers of the canopy due to the assimilation by sunlit foliage. The foliage in the top layer of canopy changed from a CO2 source in the morning to a CO2 sink in the afternoon, while the soil constituted a strong CO2 source all the day. The simulation results accorded well with the eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements within and above the canopy, and the average precision was 89%. The CO2 exchange predicted by the analysis was averagely 15% higher than that of the eddy correlation, but exhibited identical temporal trend. Atmospheric stability remarkably affected the CO2 exchange between forest canopy and atmosphere.
    Spatial heterogeneity of soil organic carbon and nitrogen under Ammopiptanhus mongolicus community in arid desert zone
    JIA Xiaohong; LI Xinrong; ZHANG Zhishan
    2006, 17(12):  2266-2270 . 
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    Based on the principles of geo-statistics, this paper studied the spatial hetero-geneity of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) under Ammopiptanhus mongolicus community in arid desert zone. The results showed that the mean contents of SOC and TN at the depth of 0～5 cm were 0.744 and 0.259 g·kg-1, with the co-variation coefficient being 0.280 and 0.213, and those at the depth of 50～70 cm were 1.425 g·kg-1 and 0.295 g·kg-1, with the co-variation coefficient being 0.195 and 0.206, respectively, reflecting the oligotrophic condition of soil fertility at this habitat. The self-correlation factors resulted in the high spatial heterogeneity of SOC and TN. The dimensions of SOC and TN were 20.99 m and 29.19 m at the depth of 0～5 cm, and 42.9 m and 62.1 m at the depth of 50～70 cm, respectively. The dimensions were beyond the confine of canopy and inter-space of shrub, without the efficacy of “islands of fertility”, which would block the intrusion of other plant species, and support the A. mongolicus shrub live at this habitat. These distribution pattern and dimension of SOC and TN can interprete the long-term living mechanism of A. mongolicus, and supply some theoretical bases for protecting and moving this relic species.
    Effects of rainfall intensity on rainfall infiltration and redistribution in soil on Loess slope land
    LI Yi1,2; SHAO Ming’an2
    2006, 17(12):  2271-2276 . 
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    With simulation test, this paper studied the patterns of rainfall infiltration and redistribution in soil on typical Loess slope land, and analyzed the quantitative relations between the infiltration and redistribution and the movement of soil water and mass, with rainfall intensity as the main affecting factor. The results showed that rainfall intensity had significant effects on the rainfall infiltration and water redistribution in soil, and the microcosmic movement of soil water. The larger the rainfall intensity, the deeper the wetting front of rainfall infiltration and redistribution was, and the wetting front of soil water redistribution had a slower increase velocity than that of rainfall infiltration. The power function of the wetting front with time, and also with rainfall intensity, was fitted well. There was also a quantitative relation between the wetting front of rainfall redistribution and the duration of rainfall. The larger the rainfall intensity, the higher the initial and steady infiltration rates were, and the cumulative infiltration increased faster with time. Moreover, the larger the rainfall intensity, the smaller the wetting front difference was at the top and the end of the slope. With the larger rainfall intensity, both the difference of soil water content and its descending trend between soil layers became more obvious during the redistribution process on slope land.
    Spatial variability of surface soil moisture content in depression area of karst region under moist and arid conditions
    ZHANG Jiguang1,2,3; CHEN Hongsong1,2;SU Yirong1,2;WU Jinshui1,2; ZHANG Wei1,2,3
    2006, 17(12):  2277-2282 . 
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    By the methods of geostatistics, this paper studied the spatial structure and distribution pattern of surface soil (0～5 and 5～10 cm) moisture content inthe depression area of karst region in northwest Guangxi under moist and arid conditions in the forepart of dry season. The results showed that in test area, surface soil moisture content had obvious spatial heterogeneity and anisotropy, presenting a significantly different plaque distribution pattern. Under moist condition, surface soil moisture content had a medium or stronger spatial relativity, with a range of about 33.15 and 15.75 m, respectively, and an obvious trend effect in 0～5cm soil layer. Under arid condition, the spatial relativity was strong, and the spatial scale of resembling plaque had somewhat decrease, with the smallest range being 8.22 m. The moisture content under arid condition had a higher spatial variability, and thus, the sampling strategy should be based on the mean soil moisture content. The significant difference in the spatial variability and distribution pattern of surface soil moisture in test area was mainly due to the effects of physiognomy, soil mean moisture （precipitation）, and topography.
    Biomass structure of exotic invasive plant Galinsona parviflora
    QI Shuyan1,;XU Wenduo2; WEN Yan1
    2006, 17(12):  2283-2286 . 
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    Galinsona parviflora is originated from South America, and has an eruptive invasion in Shenyang area. This paper studied the biomass structure of G. parviflora population at module level, with the correlation models among different modules biomass established and quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the modules biomass of G. parviflora was decreased in the sequence of stem>leaf>capitulum>root, and the proportion of each module’s biomass to the whole plant biomass was in the order of stem>leaf>root>capitulum. Stem- and leaf biomass had significant positive correlations with plant height, root biomass and capitulum biomass, and all the correlations could be well expressed by exponential model.
    Nutritional characteristics of Caragana jubata shrub and distribution patterns of soil nutrients in Luya Mountain
    ZHANG Qiang1,2,3; CHENG Bin2,3; YANG Zhiping2,3; GAO Chunhua2,3; ZHANG Yigong2,3; ZHANG Lizheng1
    2006, 17(12):  2287-2291 . 
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    The study on the nutrient components of Caragana jubata shrub and the distribution patterns of soil nutrients in Luya Mountain of Shanxi Province showed that C. jubata was a valuable feeding plant, which contained 20.27% of crude protein and 5.12% of ash with abundant Ca, Fe and Mn. The crude protein, ash, and mineral element contents increased from May and achieved the highest in July when C. jubata was at flowering stage, and then declined. To adapt to the habitat in subalpine meadow with high altitude, low temperature and thin soil layer, C. jubata had “fertility island” effect. The electric conductivity and the contents of organic matter, total N, available P and available K in the center of “fertility island” increased by 18.8%, 16.4% 18.7%, 16.6% and 8.4%, respectively, compared with those in the edge of the “fertility island”. The organic matter content and total N content in rhizosphere increased, while the contents of available nutrients such as P, K, Fe and Mn decreased, suggesting that C. jubata had high capability of N fixation and nutrients uptake.
    Characteristics of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and their relationships with soil nutrients in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations
    HE Youjun1,2,3; WANG Qingkui2; WANG Silong2; YU Xiaojun2
    2006, 17(12):  2292-2296 . 
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    The study on the soil microbial biomass and nutrient status under native bro-adleaved forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations at the Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem showed that after the native broadleaved forest was replaced by mono-cultured C. lanceolata or C. lanceolata was planted continuously, soil microbial biomass and nutrient pool decreased greatly. In 0～10 cm soil layer, the concentrations of soil microbial carbon and nitrogen in broadleaved forest were 800.5 and 84.5 mg·kg-1, being 1.90 and 1.03times as much as those in the first rotation of C. lanceolata plantation, and 2.16 and 1.27 times as much as those in the second rotation of the plantation, respectively, while in 10～20 cm soil layer, the microbial carbon and nitrogen in broadleaved forest were 475.4 and 63.3 mg·kg-1, being 1.86 and 1.60 times as much as those in the first rotation, and 2.11 and 1.76 times as much as those in the second rotation, respectively. Soil nutrient pools such as total nitrogen, total potassium, NH4+-N, and available potassium also declined after the C. lanceolata plantation replaced native broadleaved forest, or C. lanceolata was planted continuously. Less litter and its slower decay rate in pure C. lanceolata plantation were the crucial factors leading to the decrease of soil microbial biomass and nutrient pool in this area, and human disturbance, especially slash-burning and site preparation, was the another factor leading to the decrease. There were significant positive correlations between soil microbial carbon and nitrogen and soil nutrients. To improve soil quality and maintain sustainable productivity, some measures including planting mixed conifer with hardwood, preserving residues after harvest, and adopting scie-ntific site preparation should be taken.
    Runoff loss of soil mineral nitrogen and its relationship with grass coverage on Loess slope land
    ZHANG Yali1,2; LI Huai’en1; ZHANG Xingchang2，3; XIAO Bo2
    2006, 17(12):  2297-2301 . 
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    In a simulated rainfall experiment on Loess slope land, this paper determined the rainfall, surface runoff and the effective depth of interaction (EDI) between rainfall and soil mineral nitrogen, and studied the effects of grass coverage on the EDI and the runoff loss of soil mineral nitrogen. The results showed that with the increase of EDI, soil nitrogen in deeper layers could be released into surface runoff through dissolution and desorption. The higher the grass coverage, the deeper the EDI was. Grass coverage promoted the interaction between surface runoff and surface soil. On the slope land with 60％, 80％ and 100％ of grass coverage, the mean content of runoff mineral nitrogen increased by 34.52％, 32.67％ and 6.00％, while surface runoff decreased by 4.72％, 9.84％ and 12.89％, and eroded sediment decreased by 83.55％, 87.11％ and 89.01％, respectively, compared with bare slope land. The total runoff loss of soil mineral nitrogen on the lands with 60％, 80％, and 100％ of grass coverage was 95.73％, 109.04%, and 84.05％ of that on bare land, respectively. Grass cover had dual effects on the surface runoff of soil mineral nitrogen. On one hand, it enhanced the influx of soil mineral nitrogen to surface runoff, and on the other hand, it markedly decreased the runoff, resulting in the decrease of soil mineral nitrogen loss through runoff and sediment. These two distinct factors codetermined the total runoff loss of soil mineral nitrogen.
    Neighborhood interference radius of natural Pinus koraiensis population
    GUO Qingxi; YANG Guang
    2006, 17(12):  2302-2306 . 
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    With natural Pinus koraiensis population as test object, and by the methods of growth equation regression analysis and partition fitting determination, this paper studied the neighborhood interference radius of P. koraiensis at various slope locations. The results showed that there was a significant negative cor-relation between the neighborhood interference index and the growth of P. koraiensis, and the correlation level varied with neighborhood interference zone and slope. The interference zone corresponding to the maximal regression coefficient R2 was considered as the neighborhood interference radius. Based on the linear subsection regression between neighborhood interference index and interference zone, the neighborhood interference index increased fast and then slowly as the zone expanded, and the interference zone corresponding to the transition point was considered as the neighborhood interference radius. The neighborhood interference index was positively correlated with neighborhood interference zone, and the range of R2 was 0.41～0.55. The neighborhood interference radius of P. koraiensis varied with slope locations in the order of lower slope=upper slope＞middle slope.
    Estimation of transition probability in diameter grade transition model of forest population
    QU Zhilin; HU Haiqing
    2006, 17(12):  2307-2310 . 
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    Based on the theories of statistical analysis and differential equation, two methods were given for estimating the transition probability in the diameter grade transition model of forest population. The first method was used for the estimation when two groups of observation data were given and it was no necessary to consider the environmental factors of forest stand, while the second one was used for that when the environmental factors were known and there was no need of the observation data. The results of case studies showed that both of the two methods had the characteristics of easy operation and high practicability, and the importance of theoretical guidance and practical application in forest management.
    Effects of cutting on biological characteristics of three Hedysarum species
    YAN Zhijian1,2; YANG Chi1; GAO Tianming1
    2006, 17(12):  2311-2315 . 
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    The study with 3 species of Hedysarum showed that no significant difference was observed in many of their biological characteristics between treatments cutting and un-cutting, but the number of new branches sprouted from base stem was 1.91 times higher in treatment cutting than in un-cutting. Cutting could not only rejuvenate the plants, but also increase the yield and ratio of edible parts (leaves and tender stems). From May to August, the plants in treatment cutting had more leaves and tender stems but less old stems, and in September, their inedible part for livestock was 69.26% of the total biomass while that in treatment un-cutting was 77.79%. The appropriate period of cutting was by the end of August in the second year of Hedysarum growth. After cutting in this month, the leaf area index of 3 species Hedysarum was higher, while the dispersion light coefficient was lower, indicating that Hedysarum was more flourishing under cutting.
    Photosynthetic characteristics and coenological survey of Lactuca serriola in its invaded area
    GUO Shuiliang1,2; FANG Fang2; NI Liping2;CHEN Wanlin2;SHI Laidi2
    2006, 17(12):  2316-2320 . 
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    Lactuca serriola, a national class quarantine object, is a new invasive species in the coastal area of Southeast China. The coenological survey showed that because of its big individual, L. serriola could easily form dominant population in its invaded area, and its main accompany species were Conyza canadensis, C. bonarinisis, Bidentis bipinnata, Oenothera laciniata, Ipomoea hederacea, Setaria viridis, Daucus carota, Xanthium sibiricum, Erigeron annuus, L. indica, Humulus scandens, Solanum nigrum and Aster sublatus. The measurements with LC-A4 portable photosynthesis and transpiration system (ADC, England) revealed that the net photosynthetic rate of L. serriola was as high as 21.22±0.45 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1, being slightly lower than that of E. annuus and C. bonarinisis, similar to that of C. canadensis, and higher than that of Chenopodium album, Plantago virginica and L. indica. Based on the photosynthesis-light response equation, the theoretic light compensation point of L. serriola was 37.58 μmol m-2·s-1, its theoretic light saturation point was 1 480 μmol·m-2·s-1, and theoretic maximal net photosynthetic rate was 20.81 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1. A distinct “noon break” phenomenon was observed in L. serriola photosynthesis, which might result from the high stomatal resistance against high light intensity and temperature. The main factors affecting the net phot-osynthetic rate of L. serriola were leaf photosynthetic active radiation, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration rate.
    Gas exchange features of Ambrosia artemisiifolia leaves and fruits and their correlations with soil heavy metals
    ZU Yuangang; WANG Wenjie; CHEN Huafeng; YANG Fengjian; ZHANG Zhonghua
    2006, 17(12):  2321-2326 . 
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    Ambrosia artemisiifolia can survive well in the habitats of heavy human distur-bance and partial soil pollution. Weather its photosynthetic features benefit their survival is worthwhile to concern. With a refuse dump in Changchun City (43°50′N, 125°23′E) as study site, this paper analyzed the contents of soil Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, As, Sb and Hg at ten plots, and measured in situ the gas exchange in A. artemisiifolia leaves and young fruits. The results showed that the study site was slightly contaminated by Ni, but the contents of other soil heavy metals were approached to or substantially lower than their threshold values. The net photosynthetic rate of leaves ranged from 1.88 to 9.41 μmol·m-2·s-1, while that of young fruits could be up to 2.81 μmol·m-2·s-1. Averagely, the respiration rate, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, and water utilization efficiency of leaves were 1.81 μmol·m-2·s-1, 75.7 mmol·m-2·s-1, 6.05 μmol·m-2·s-1, and 4.72 μmol CO2·mmol-1 H2O, being 5.26, 0.64, 1.31 and 1.69 times as much as those of young fruits, respectively, indicating that the respiratory and photosynthetic capacities and water use efficiency of A. artemisiifolia young fruits were equivalent to or higher than those of its leaves. Many test heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Sb and Hg, had no significant effects on the gas exchange features of leaves and fruits, but there were significant correlations of Ni and Cr with the stomatal conductance and water use efficiency of leaves and young fruits, Cr with the gross photosynthesis of leaves, and As with the stomatal conductance of young fruits, suggesting that a majority of test soil heavy metals had no direct effects on the gas exchange in A. artemisiifolia leaves and fruits, but soil Ni, Cr and As with the contents approached to or substantially lower than the threshold values could affect the gas exchange features of A. artemisiifolia.
    Distribution pattern of mesomicro soil fauna in Eucalyptus grandis plantation.
    HUANG Yumei1; ZHANG Jian2;YANG Wanqin2
    2006, 17(12):  2327-2331 . 
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    In this paper, meso-micro soil fauna were extracted and collected by Baermann’s and Tullgren’s method, and their distribution pattern in theEucalyptus grandis plantation of Hongya County, Sichuan Province was studied. A total of 13550 specimens were collected, belonging to 6 phyla, 13 classes, and 26 orders. Acarina, Nematoda, Collembola were the dominant groups, and Enchytraeidae was the frequent one. The group and individual numbers of meso-micro soil fauna varied with seasons, being the maximum in autumn or winter, fewer in summer, and the minimum in spring. The density of meso-micro soil fauna in soil profile decreased rapidly with increasing soil depth, but a converse distribution was observed from time to time in 5～10 cm and 10～15 cm soil layers. The meso-micro soil fauna collected by Baermann’s and Tullgren’s method had a density of 3.333×103～2.533×105 ind·m-2 and 1.670×102～2.393×105 ind·m-2, respectively, and the decreasing rate of the density with the increase of soil depth was higher for those collected by Tullgren’s method. The density-group index of meso-micro soil fauna in the E. grandis plantation was the lowest in spring, but the highest in autumn or summer. There were no significant differences in the density of meso-micro soil fauna and in the density-group index between E. grandis plantation and Quercus acutissima secondary forest.
    Effects of N application rate on N utilization,yield and quality of maize under different cropping systems
    NING Tangyuan1; JIAO Nianyuan1, 2; LI Zengjia1; ZHANG Min3;ZHAO Chun1, 4; HAN Bin1; SHAO Guoqing1
    2006, 17(12):  2332-2336 . 
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    The study on the effects of N application rate on the N utilization, yield and quality of mono- and inter-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize showed that under both of the cropping systems, the N uptake, grain yield, dry matter accumulation, and grain protein yield of spring- and summer-sown maize were increased with increasing N application rate. Due to the same demand of N nutrition, there was a competition between spring- and summer-sown maize in inter-cropping system, especially under low level N application. Spring-sown maize was of superiority in inter-cropping system, but its N uptake was still less than that in mono-cropping system. The competition could be offset by increasing N application. When N application increased from 187.5 kg·hm-2 to 375 kg·hm-2, the average increment of dry matter yield of mono-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize was 1.717 kg·kg-1 N, while that of inter-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize was 12.179 kg·kg-1 N. The average increment of protein yield of mono- and inter-cropped spring- and summer-sown maize was 0.305 kg·kg-1 N and 1.829 kg·kg-1 N, respectively, with the land equivalent ratio increased from 1.59 to 1.91. Com-pared with mono-cropping, inter-cropping spring- and summer-sown maize could get higher yield and higher quality, and this effect was increased with increasing N application rate.
    Effects of fertilization on aquic brown soil potassium budget and crop potassium allocation
    JIANG Zishao; YU Wantai; ZHANG Lu
    2006, 17(12):  2337-2340 . 
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    Through a consecutive 15 years field trial on the aquic brown soil in Shenyang suburb of Northeast China, this paper studied the soil potassium budget and crop potassium allocation under effects of different fertilization systems. The results indicated that applying nitrogen or nitrogen plus phosphorous without potassium application accelerated the deficit of soil potassium. The potassium concentration in soybean grain and stalk was higher under potassium application than with no potassium supply, while that in maize grain had no significant difference in different fertilization treatments. The reutilization of recycled nutrients in farming system could mitigate the deficit of soil potassium budget, and such reutilization assorted with appropriate amount of potassium fertilization could not only produce high crop yield, but also balance soil potassium budget.
    Nitrogen absorption and allocation in cotton plant under effects of double-cropping wheat and cotton root mass
    WANG Ying; ZHOU Zhiguo; CHEN Binglin; MENG Yali; SHU Hongmei; JIANG Guanghua
    2006, 17(12):  2341-2346 . 
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    By the methods of 15N-foliar feeding and 15N dilution, a pot experiment of double-cropping wheat and cotton was conducted to study the nitrogen absorption and allocation in cotton plant under effects of wheat and cotton root mass. Three treatments were installed, i.e., no separation of wheat and cotton roots (treatment I), separation with nylon net (treatment II), and separation with plastic film (treatment III). The results showed that both the competition of 15N absorption between wheat and cotton root, and the translocation of absorbed 15N from wheat root to cotton were existed in the wheat-cotton double-cropping system. The absorbed 15N by cotton root was mostly allocated in aboveground part, and less in root. The aboveground part of cotton had the highest N utilization rate (NUR) in treatment I and the lowest one in treatment III, but the Ndff was lower in treatment I than in treatments II and III. At the early flowering stage of cotton when wheat was harvested and its straw was amended in situ, the absorbed nitrogen by cotton was mainly from the applied 15N, but not from the amended wheat straw. The allocation of absorbed 15N in different organs of cotton was quite different, being much higher in reproductive organs than in other organs. The biomass of cotton plant was also higher in treatment I than in treatments II and III.
    Dynamics of aquic brown soil enzyme activities under no-tillage
    LIU Xiumei1,2; LI Qi1,2; LIANG Wenju1; JIANG Yong1; WEN Dazhong1
    2006, 17(12):  2347-2351 . 
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    This paper studied the effects of no-tillage on the dynamics of invertase, urease and acid phosphatase activities in an aquic brown soil during maize growing season. The results showed that in 0～10 cm soil layer, the invertase activity at jointing, trumpet-shaped and ripening stages, urease activity at jointing and booting stages, and acid phosphatase activity at booting and ripening stages were significantly higher under no-tillage (NT) than under conventional tillage (CT). In 10～20 cm soil layer, the invertase activity at seedling, jointing and trumpet-shaped stages was significantly different between NT and CT, and the urease activity during whole growing season except at booting stage was significantly higher under NT than under CT. In 20～30 cm soil layer, the invertase activity during maize growing season was significantly lower under NT than under CT, and urease activity at seedling stage and acid phosphate activity at ripening stage were significantly different between these two treatments. Under NT, there was a decreasing trend of soil enzyme activities with increasing soil depth; while under CT, soil invertase and acid phosphatase activities increased, but urease activity decreased with increasing soil depth.
    Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and fruit quality of plastic greenhouse Cucumis sativus L.
    Lü Guiyun1; CHEN Guilin2; QI Guohui3; GAO Zhikui1; GAO Hongbo1
    2006, 17(12):  2352-2356 . 
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    In this paper, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus versiforme (GV),Glomus mosseae(GM),Glomus intraradices(GI) and their mixtures were applied to inoculate plastic greenhouse Cucumis sativus seedlings to investigate the effects of AMF on C. sativus growth, development, yield, and quality. The results showed that all test AMF could form mycorrhiza with cucumber roots, and the infected rate reached 41.74%～55.69%. Compared with the control,treatments GV, GM, GM+GV, GM+GV+GI and GV+GI enhanced the healthy seedling index by 58.14%～123.6%,and increased early yield by 21.71%～37.87% and total yield by 19.72%～34.41%. AMF also improved fruit quality. The Vc content of cucumber fruit increased by 22.84% and 21.95% in treatments GM+GV and GV+GI, soluble sugar content increased by 13.29%, 8.25%, and 10.20% in treatments GV, GI and GV+GI, and amino acid content increased by 47.66% and 23.19% in treatments GV and GM+GI, respectively, while soluble protein content increased by 17.67%～34.29% in all AMF treatments. The results suggested that AMF inoculation could significantly promote the seedling growth of cucumber and improve its fruit quality, and the effects differed with different AMF and their combinations.
    Evapotranspiration of winter wheat field in North China Plain
    GUO Jiaxuan1,2; LI Yuzhong1; YAN Changrong1; ZHAO Quansheng1; MEI Xurong1
    2006, 17(12):  2357-2362 . 
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    By using eddy covariance and remote sensing techniques, the relationships between winter wheat soil moisture content and farmland evapotranspiration or canopy temperature were analyzed at field scale under various environmental conditions in the North China Plain. The results showed that when the soil moisture content was below 65% of field capacity, the evaporative fraction under full canopy was low and stable during the middle part of clear days. Under clear sky condition, there was a good non-linear correlation between latent heat flux and crop canopy temperature with diurnal and seasonal patterns. The temperature difference between crop canopy and air as well as the relative evapotranspiration had a close link to the relative moisture content of 0～100cm soil layer. Based on the in situ measurements of daily evapotranspiration amount (ETd), daily net radiation flux(Rnd, mm)，average canopy temperature (Tc, ℃) from 13:30 to 14:00, and daily maximum air temperature (Ta max,℃) during the field experiment, the parameters of simplified estimation model for daily evapotranspiration were established.
    Dynamic quantitative model of critical nitrogen demand of cotton
    XUE Xiaoping1,2; CHEN Binglin1; GUO Wenqi1; ZHOU Zhiguo1;ZHANG Lijuan2; WANG Yilin2
    2006, 17(12):  2363-2370 . 
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    In this paper, field experiment of different nitrogen application levels for cotton was conducted both in Nanjing of Jiangsu Province and in Anyang of Henan Province. The quantitative dynamic models of critical nitrogen uptake rate and demand of cotton after flowering were established, based on the models of crop critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve and dry matter accumulation curve. The results showed that in Nanjing and Anyang, the maximum critical nitrogen uptake rate of cotton was 5.3 kg·hm-2·d-1 and 4.4 kg·hm-2·d-1, respectively, and appeared at 42 days after flowering. The 23～59 days and 23～61 days after flowering were the periods of rapid nitrogen accumulation in cotton plant, and the critical nitrogen demand per day was higher in Anyang than in Nanjing. By comparing the nitrogen uptake rate and accumulation amount with their critical values, the appropriate N application rate for cotton was slightly lower than 360 kg·hm-2 in Anyang, and 240 kg·hm-2 in Nanjing. 26% and 27% of total fertilizer nitrogen should be applied as basal, and the supplemental nitrogen should be applied at 22 days after flowering. Because the model in this paper was established on the basis of critical nitrogen concentration model and linked to the cotton aerial biomass rather than time, it had a sound eco-physiological basis, and was consequently superior to other models. It also offered a tool to determinate the nitrogen application rate for cotton in different ecological regions.
    Physiological and ecological effects of sulfur fertilization on soybean
    ZHAO Yanwen1,2; BI Dongmei2; ZHAO Quanzhi3;LIU Changzhen2; HU Zhengyi4
    2006, 17(12):  2367-2380 . 
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    Regional scale remote sensing-based yield estimation of winter wheat by using MODIS-NDVI data: A case study of Jining City in Shandong Province
    ZHAO Yanwen1,2; BI Dongmei2; ZHAO Quanzhi3;LIU Changzhen2; HU Zhengyi4
    2006, 17(12):  2371-2375 . 
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    A pot experiment with 3 levels of elemental sulfur (0, 30, and 60 mg S·kg-1) showed that sulfur fertilization on soybean increased the side roots number by 8.6%～33.2%, root dry weight by 6.6%～34.3%, root nodules number by 2.7%～35.9% and dry weight by 13.0%～75.7%, chlorophyll content by 0.4～3.9 unit,and yield per plant by 7.3%～12.8%. Sulfur fertilization also increased the amount of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and the activities of peroxidase, urease, neutral phosphatase and polyphenoloxidase significantly. The effects of sulfur supply differed with its application rate, and 30 mg S·kg-1 was more appropriate for getting high soybean yield.
    Community structure and its dynamics of phosphobacteria in Cerasus sachalinensis rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere.
    YU Cui; Lü Deguo; QIN Sijun; DU Guodong
    2006, 17(12):  2381-2384 . 
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    By using selective culture media, the phosphobacteria in Cerasus sachalinensis rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere were isolated and identified, with their community structure and dynamics studied. The phosphobacteria isolated from three test substrates belonged to 13 genera, and Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Serratia were the main ones. The substrate added with slag was most suitable for the growth of phosphobacteria, on which, phosphobacteria had the highest population number but the lowest diversity index. There was a difference in the population number of phosphobacteria in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere during the growth period of C. sachalinensis. In rhizosphere, phosphobacteria had the highest number (6 genera) in withhold-growing period of shoot, less in fast growing period of shoot and in defoliation period, and the least in germination period. The diversity index of phosphobacteria in rhizosphere also varied with the growth period of C. sachalinensis, which was in the order of fast growing period of shoot>defoliation period>withhold-growing period of shoot. In nonrhizosphere, the population number and diversity index of phosphobacteria had a decreasing trend with the growth of C. sachalinensis. All of these indicated that there was an obvious rhizosphere effect on phosphobacteria.
    Molecular ecology of Gardenia jasminoides authenticity
    HAN Jianping1; CHEN Shilin1;ZHANG Wensheng2; WANG Yongyan2
    2006, 17(12):  2385-2388 . 
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    By using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, this paper studied the genetic relationships among five wild or cultivated Gardenia jasminoides Ellis populations in Jiangxi Province. Chemical fingerprint was also built with HPLC method. The results showed that there was a great genetic difference among these samples. The UPGMA obtained with NTSYS-PC 2.10e software suggested that there were seven branches of population, and the population from near geographical location clustered firstly. The geniposide content of these branches was not correlated with UPGMA. It could be concluded that the authenticity was resulted from the co-action of genotype and environmental change. The microelements content in G. jasminoides fruit measured by inductively coupled plasma showed that there was a negative correlation between Zn and geniposide contents.
    Allelopathic effects of companion weed Descurainia sophia on wheat
    YANG Chao; MU Xiaoqian
    2006, 17(12):  2389-2393 . 
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    By using the techniques of laboratory bioassay, this paper studied the effects of Descurainia sophia extract on the germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot height, fresh weight, and dry weight of wheat, and measured the contents of MDA, Chla/Chlb and carotene as well as the karyokinesis index of 5 more sensitive wheat strains. The results showed that D. sophia extract had allelopathic effects on all test wheat strains, though the responses of the strains were significantly different. The test 3 physiological indices of 5 more sensitive wheat strains suggested that the action spot of the allelopathic substances of D. sophia might be the cell membrane of wheat, and the measurement of karyokinesis index indicated that D. sophia extract had inhibitory effects on wheat karyokinesis.
    Effects of glycinebetaine on ultraweak luminescence and anti-oxidative capability of Malus hupehensis under drought stress
    JIE Yuling; ZHAO Haizhou;ZHANG Wei;YANG Hongqiang;LI Dequan;SHU Huairui
    2006, 17(12):  2394-2398 . 
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    In a pot experiment with 4-year-old apple root stock (Malus hupehensis), this paper studied the effects of foliar-spraying exogenous glycinebetaine (GB) on the leaf ultraweak luminescence (UWL), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), endogenous GB and proline (Pro), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) under drought stress. The results showed that UWL intensity increased under slight- and mid drought stress,but decreased with increasing drought stress till lower than the control. Under slight- and mid drought stress, foliar-spraying GB improved the UWL intensity by 35.27% and43.95%，respectively, decreased H2O2 and MDA contents, increased SOD and POD activities, and promoted the accumulation of GB and Pro. The exogenous GB and its induced Pro accumulation could increase the anti-oxidative capability of M. hupehensis leaves, and protect the leaf cells from oxidative damage under drought stress.
    Estimation of bioconcentration factor of benzene derivatives
    XIE Jingfang1;GUO Dongsheng1;GAO Yue2; FAN Renjun2; GUO Hui1
    2006, 17(12):  2399-2402 . 
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    To estimate the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of benzene derivatives in fish by gas chromatography retention time (tR), this paper measured the BCF of chlorobenzene, o-chloro-toluene, p-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, p-chloro-aniline, p-chloro-nitrobenzene, and 4-chlorodiphenyl in grass crap, and the tR of test derivatives on the stationary phases of six kinds polarity. The monodic regression equation (Type I Eq.) of BCF and tR and the binary regression equation (Type II Eq.) of BCF, tR and 1XV were established, and the statistical test showed that there was a significant correlation between BCF and tR, and the average correlation coefficients on stationary phases of six kinds polarity were 0.952 and 0.965, respectively. The regression equations could be used to estimate the BCF of the benzene derivatives in grass crap, and the results were not affected by the polarity of stationary phases.
    Pollination ecology of cultivated Ficus pumila var.awkeotsang
    CHEN Yong1; LI Hongqing2; MA Weiliang2
    2006, 17(12):  2403-2407 . 
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    The study on the pollination ecology of cultivated Ficus pumila var. awkeotsangshowed that this plant had two apparent blossoming periods, i.e., in spring and autumn, which were relatively longer than those of the wild one. Cultivated Ficus pumila var. awkeotsang couldn't rely on the wasps living in the variant syconia to pollinate or lay eggs. Under the circumstances the wasps were separated from wild F. pumila var. awkeotsang, the pollination system was damaged because of the absence of the wasps. The pollination wasps could be introduced artificially to cultivated F. pumila var. awkeotsang, but the pollination system was restored relatively slowly. The rate of syconia hanging on trees could only reach 51.11% after four years, with an average production rate of the female flowers being 64.37%, and an average gall tuming rate of gall flowers being 64.35%. The growing syconia degree of female and male flowering phases was low, and the collective way of the wasps’ flying out and the small number of the wasps entering the syconia were the causes of low rate co-existing breeding.
    Comprehensive evaluation on drought-resistance of different soybean varieties
    LI Guiquan1;ZHANG Haiyan1,2;JI Lan3;ZHAO Erkai4; LIU Jianbing1;LI Ling1; ZHANG Jiarong1
    2006, 17(12):  2408-2412 . 
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    The drought-resistance of ten soybean cultivars of various ecotypes was investigated by pot culture and in field. At the stages from flowering and podding, the physiological and ecological indices related to drought-resistance were measured and analyzed under normal and water stress conditions. Taking each drought-resistance coefficient as an index to measure single drought-resistance capacity, all drought-resistance coefficients were synthesized into several new independent comprehensive indices by using principal component analysis. On the bases of above results, subordinate values of comprehensive indices were worked out by subordinate function, on which, the drought resistance of different soybean cultivars or lines could be evaluated. By means of this method, Jinda 74 and Jinda 53 were evaluated as two cultivars with strong drought-resistance. The evaluation results corresponded well to the fact.
    Multivariate analysis of planktonic Ostracoda communities during autumn and winter in the Beibu Gulf
    ZHAO Hanqu1,2;JIA Xiaoping1; LI Chunhou1; DU Feiyan1; LI Zhandong1; WANG Xuefeng1,2
    2006, 17(12):  2413-2416 . 
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    Base on the zooplankton samples collected in two cruises for studying the change tendency of ecological environment in the Beibu Gulf, planktonic Ostr-acoda communities in autumn and winter in the Beibu Gulf were investigated by multivariate analysis. A total of 11 planktonic Ostracoda species were identified and grouped into three ecotypes, i.e., Huposaline and warm-water group, Eurythermal and eurysaline group, as well as Hyperthermal and hysaline group. The average abundance of all species was low, and Euconchoecia aculeate was the most abundant one. Based on the cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis,planktonic Ostracoda in the Beibu Gulf was a community of stable structure, while in autumn and winter, the community also could be divided into two different sub-communities. To understand the relationship between the community structure and the environmental factors, correlation coefficients for the abundance and the environmental factors were calculated. It indicated that water temperature and salinity had tiny impact on planktonic Ostracoda communities, but there was some rule in its change rhythms. Sub-water temperature and salinity had strong impact on community Ⅱ in winter.
    Offspring quality and its related factors of different Brachionus calyciflorus clones
    DONG Lili1，2; XI Yilong1; ZHANG Lei1
    2006, 17(12):  2417-2420 . 
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    This paper studied the neonate starvation-endurance duration of four Brachionus calyciflorus clones (Clone A, B, C and D) with different biochemical-genetic characteristics at 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃ and 30 ℃, and the relationships of this duration with the temperature and the body- and egg volumes of B. calyciflorus. The results showed that at 15 ℃, the neonates of Clone B had the shortest starvation-endurance duration (45.67 h); at 20 ℃ and 25 ℃,the neonates’starvation-endurance duration of Clone C was the longest, being 61.33 h and 72.01 h, respectively; while at 30 ℃, this duration of Clone A was the longest (40.11 h). The neonates’ starvation-endurance duration of Clone A was the longest at 15 ℃, those of Clone B and C were the shortest at 30 ℃, while that of Clone D decreased with raising temperature. The neonates’ starvation-endurance duration of all the four clones was negatively correlated with temperature. There was a negative correlation between this duration of Clone A and its egg volume, and the reverse was true for Clone C. The neonates’ starvation-endurance duration of Clone B and D was positively correlated with the body volume of rotifer mother.
    Inhibitory effect of Surgassum thunbergii on Heterosigma akashiwo and Skeletonema costatum
    WANG Renjun1;TANG Xuexi1; FENG Lei1, 2; XIAO Hui1;QU Liang1;CAI Hengjiang1
    2006, 17(12):  2421-2425 . 
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    By the method of co-culture, this paper studied the inhibitory effect of Surgassum thunbergii culture filtrate, fresh tissue, dry powder, and aqueous extract on the growth of Heterosigma akashiwo and Skeletonema costatum. An isolated co-culture system was built, which confirmed the existence of allelochemicals and precluded the growth inhibition by direct contact. The results showed that the fresh tissue, dry powder, and aqueous extract of S. thunbergii could significantly inhibit the growth of H. akashiwo and S. costatum, and had lethal effect at relatively higher concentrations. The culture filtrate of S. thunbergii had no inhibitory effect on H. akashiwo, but could significantly inhibit the growth of S. costatum under initial or semi-continuous filtrate addition.
    Ecological security assessment of Daling River watershed in West Liaoning Province
    WANG Hongchang;WEI Jing;JIANG Ping;WU Gang
    2006, 17(12):  2426-2430 . 
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    Ecological security covers natural ecological security, economic ecological security, and social ecological security. The particular points of natural and semi-natural ecosystem security encompass the integrity and health of the ecosystem. Ecological security describes a state that the area, country, and even global ecological environment are not threatened, which may provide ecological guarantee for the sustainable development of whole ecological-economic system. To construct the comprehensive index system of ecological security assessment of Daling River watershed, a total of 28 indices were chosen from the aspects of ecological status, ecological press, and ecological effect. The results showed that the integrated assessment values of 1987 and 2002 were 7.48 and 7.51, respectively, indicating that the ecological security of Daling River watershed was well, whereas the ecological press of 2002 was increased by 32.5%, compared with that of 1987. The main reason of the constant ecological security of Daling River watershed was the implementation of catchment management, which made the ecological status and ecological effect of 2002 be 2.29 and 2.42 times higher than that of 1987, respectively.
    Ecological security assessment model and corresponding indicator system of the regions along Huaihe River in Anhui Province
    WANG Zhenxiang1,2;ZHU Xiaodong1;SHI Lei1;LI Yangfan1;WANG Jiaquan3;JIA Liangqing2
    2006, 17(12):  2431-2435 . 
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    With the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) model developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP), this paper assessed the ecological security of the regions along Huaihe River in Anhui Province. Based on it, a revised integrative assessment model of regional ecological security and corresponding indicator system were built, in light of the social, economic and environmental characteristics of the regions. The weight of 17 indicators was estimated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Delphi technique, and three mathematical functions for these indicators were established. The results showed that the integrative ecological security degree of the regions based on PSR model was 0.41, and that after adding social-economic components was 0.34. Compared with the criterion set in this paper, the two assessment results of the regions were at comparatively unsafe level. However, the difference between the two results was 20.6%. To confirm the main elements that affect regional ecological security, the assessment model and corresponding indicator system should be combined with regional characteristics, and assessed with multi-model.
    Research advances in chemical ecology of marine microorganisms
    XU Nianjun; YAN Xiaojun
    2006, 17(12):  2436-2440 . 
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    Chemical ecology of marine organisms is the highlight of chemical ecology in recent years. Its research will not only benefit the evolution research of marine organisms, but also play an important role in marine aquaculture, marine ecological protection, and sustainable development of marine resources. This paper reviewed the research advances in the chemo-ecological relationships between marine animals, plants and microorganisms, with the focus on the discovery of the chemical structure of signal compounds with chemo-ecological effects. The key issues and further directions in related research were discussed.
    Application of wastewater treatment and reuse techniques: Related problems and perspectives in Shenyang
    SUN Tieheng1,2; JIANG Kan1; SUN Lina2; WANG Shuwen2; LI Haibo2
    2006, 17(12):  2441-2444 . 
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    To resolve the severe scarcity of water resources and to alleviate the pollution of wastewater disposal, the comprehensive urban wastewater reclamation and reuse projects will be launched in Shenyang in the next 5～10 years, and the wastewater reclamation and reuse rate will reach 50%. This paper summarized the routine technologies and new treatment processes of wastewater treatment, such as soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), membrane biological reactor (MBR), and cyclic active sludge system (CASS), and pointed out that owing their unique advantages, SAT and MBR were regarded as the promising techniques in this field. A short list of examples in wastewater treatment and reuse was presented, and the societal, environmental, and economical benefits of wastewater reuse were analyzed. The existing problems of wastewater reuse were also discussed.
    Effects of climate warming on terraneous plants
    ZENG Xiaoping1,2;ZHAO Ping1; SUN Guchou1
    2006, 17(12):  2445-2450 . 
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    Temperature is an important environmental factor affecting the growth, development and functioning of plants, and the key factor regulating many terrestrial biogeochemical processes. In this paper, the effects of climate warming on terraneous plants and their interactions with eco-environmental factors were reviewed from the viewpoints of plant ecophysiology, and some suggestions for the further study in this field were put forward.
    Research advances in forest soil respiration
    LUAN Junwei1,2; XIANG Chenghua2; LUO Zongshi2; GONG Yuanbo1
    2006, 17(12):  2451-2456 . 
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    Among the methods of measuring forest soil respiration, infrared CO2 analysis is the optimal one so far. Comparing with empirical model, the process-based model in simulating the production and transportation of soil CO2 has the advantage of considering the biological and physical processes of soil respiration. Generally, soil respiration is positively correlated with soil temperature and moisture, but there are still many uncertainties about the relationships between soil respiration and forest management activities such as firing, cutting, and fertilization. The relationships of soil respiration with vegetation type and soil microbial biomass, as well as the spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration, are the hotspots in recent researches. Some issues and future development in forest soil respiration research were discussed in this paper.
    Research advances in ecological significance and quantification of plant polyphenols
    CHENG Chunlong;LI Junqing
    2006, 17(12):  2457-2460 . 
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    Polyphenols are the important secondary metabolites of plants. Because of their special chemical properties and biological activities, plant polyphenols are come under broad attention for their potential ecological significance. This paper reviewed the related research advances, prospected the future directions, and evaluated the quantification methods to recommend some simple and commonly used ones for non-specialists in chemical analysis.