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Table of Content

    25 July 1992, Volume 3 Issue 3
    Articles
    Site selection for plantation of precious deciduous trees in northeast China
    Li Shaozhong, Meng Kangmin, Zhao Bing, Yang Xiuqing, Yuan Yongxiao
    1992, 3(3):  195-201. 
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    According to the forest types, sites for plantation of precious deciduous trees are selected by quantitative analysis method. The forest communities in Baishilazi Natural Reserves are classified into three groups and eight types, and their site productivities are evaluated by means of stepwise regression and site index methods. It is indicated that depth of horizon A, soil humidity, slope direction and slope degree are the key factors influencing tree growth. In broadleaved-Korean pine and picea-abics mixed forest, the selected order of planting tree species is Tilia amurensis, Ulmus laciniata, PheIlodendron amurense, Juglans mandshurica, and Fraxinus mandshurica; and that in broadleaves trees mixed forest is Tiliaamurensis, Juglans mandshurica, Ulmus laciniatam, Phellodendron amurense and Fraxinus mandshurica.
    Biomass and primary productivity of dominant species Aporosa yunnanensis and Blastus cochinchinensis of forest vegetation on Dinghu Mountain
    Peng Shaolin, Zhang Zhuping
    1992, 3(3):  202-206. 
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    By methods of field investigation, tree harvesting and gas exchanging, the biomass and primary productivity of Aporosa yunnanensis and Blastus cochinchinensis on Dinghu Mountain are estimated. The biomass of Aporosa yunnanensis is 22733kg·ha-1 (fresh weight) or 12009kg·ha-1(dry weight), and that of Blastus cochinchinensis is 15155kg·ha-1 (fresh weight) or 7874kg·ha-1(dry weight). The primary productivities of them are respectively 874 and 480kg·ha-1·yr-1. After analysing the results, position and role of these two populations in the community are revealed.
    Instantaneous state model of stemflow process
    Han Shaowen, Gu Lianhong, Wang Bennan, Liu Jiagang
    1992, 3(3):  207-214. 
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    The stemflow process is measured by experimental test method. Its curve is quite similar with that of R-L-Ccircuit intantaneous state. Because of the resemblance, the latter is used for fitting curves of stemflow process, and the analytic solution is obtained. The parameter values are debugged on the computer,and the significance of hydrology is also discussed. The relationship between parameters and factors influencing stemflow process is qualitatively analysed, and the simulating results are satisfactory.
    Zonal climax vegetation types in northeast China and their predicted discriminant model
    Xu Wendo, Chang Yu
    1992, 3(3):  215-222. 
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    Based on Liu Shenge's geobotanical principles, the relationship between zonal climax vegetation types and climatic indices is studied with principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple group discriminant analysis(MGDA)methods.7 zonal climax vegetation types are divided according to the classification and ordination of. 7 meteorological factors in 210 msteorological stations. The temperature, precipitation and their various combinations are the main climatic factors affecting the formation and distribution of zonal climax vegetation types, The distribution ranges and their characteristics of hydrologic and thermal indices are defined, and the discriminant function model is established and used for predicting the zonal climax vegetation types with the accuracy of 90.32%.
    Microorganism and nitrogen transformation in forest soil
    Li Fengzhen, Ma Chengxin, Xu Yi, Zhang Lihong, Liu Zengzhu, Liu Ruijun
    1992, 3(3):  223-230. 
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    This paper studies the effect of microbial population and soil enzyme on nitrogen transformation in forest soil under different forest types. The rates of nitrogen fixation, denitrification, ammonification and nitrification are quite different under different forest types: broadleaved forest>mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest>coniferous forest.Nitrogen fixation mainly occurs in soil horizon A1, and denitrification in horizon A0. There are two kinds of nitrification in forest soil, one is autotrophie and the other is heterotrophic. The former is brought about by chemoautotrophie nitrifying bacteria and the latter is by a number of heterotrophic microbes. Their occurence is correlated with forest type. In some forest soils under mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest, both autotrophie and heterotrophic nitrifications are existed, but under coniferous forest, the nitrification is mainly heterotrophic.
    Residual effect of phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus recycling in a farming system Ⅱ. Distribution of phosphorus and other nutrients in crops
    Zhang Lu, Yin Xiuyan, Lian Hongzhi, Shen Shanmin
    1992, 3(3):  231-235. 
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    The concentration and distribution of Pin grains and stalks of sorghum, maize and soybean and the harvested Pfrom producing each unit of grains are markedly influenced by soil Pcondition and crop growing status. Abetter soil Psupply and better crop growth can induce a higher Pconcentration in grain, larger ratio of grain P/stalk Pand more Pconsumption for producing each unit of grain yields.
    Residual effect of phosphorus fertilizer and phosphorus recycling in a farming system Ⅲ. Recycling rate of P and N in feed stuffs and bedding materials through a feeding-composting cycle and recoveries of P and N in organic manure
    Yin Xiuyan, Zhang Lu, Yu Wantai, Shen Shanmin
    1992, 3(3):  236-239. 
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    Afive years experimental results indicate that thee average loss rate of Ncontained in harvested products through a feeding-composting cycle is about 36% and that of Pis about 25%. Under high-yield conditions, the amounts of recycled Nand Pfrom 80% of harvested products and through a feeding-composting cycle in a farming system are about 80kg N/ha and 14kg P/ha respectively, equivalent to half of Nand full of Pfrom fertilizers applied every year to the system.
    Colony structural characteristics of crops on high-yield fields in Huanghuaihai plain
    Dong Zhenguo, Liu Ruiwen
    1992, 3(3):  240-246. 
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    Colony structural characteristics of crops on high-yield fields are analysed in this paper. For wheat with intensive farming, the maximum tillering number is 12×106/ha, maximum LAIis 5.5-6.0 and ear number is 4.5-5.25×106/ha, but for that with traditional farming, they are respectively 15-18×106/ha, 6.0-6.5 and 6.0-7.5×106/ha. The LADratio of vegetative to reproductive growth is 1:0.89 on high-yield field with intensive farming, and 1:0.73 with traditional one. The planted density of summer corn is mainly decided by its leaf inclination. The arreet type of corn has an inclination of larger than 65°, and its planting density is 7.5-8.25×104/ha. That of lanceolate type is less than 50°, whose planting density is 5.25-6.0×104/ha.
    Simulation model of multivariate dynamic economic threshold of Asian corn borer
    Kuang Xingquan, Bi Chengpeng, Wei Mingxin
    1992, 3(3):  247-252. 
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    The population dynamics of Asian corn borer(ACB) Ostrinia furnicalis and the yield loss caused by it were studied in Wuchang in 1985-1989. Ageneral model for its multivariate dynamic economic threshold is established as ETi(t)= Ki(P1,P2,…,Pn)/[1+exp(a-b×t)]^2×[1+exp(a-b×X)] ×exp(a-b×t) Where Xis the interval from emergence of first eggmass to sampling date, t denotes time, and a and b are Logistic parameters which are varied with defferent ACBgenerations. The value of Ki(p1,p2,...,pn) is determined by state i, which is described with a property serial value Pj(j=1,2,...,n) named state index. The model is programmed through IBM PC/ATmicrocomputer and validated in corn production.
    Relationship between domestic animal distribution and land use pattern in Anhui province
    Bi Shoudong, Chen Hongquan, Liu Li
    1992, 3(3):  253-258. 
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    In this paper, the distribution patterns of domestic aniamls and birds varying with land use and population density in various animal husbandry regions of Anhui province are studied and the grey models of their distribution density are established. From north to south of their province, the upland area decreased from 54 to 2%, forest land area increases from 5.5 to 62%, and low land and water body mainly distribute in hills and plains. Population density has a greater influence on distribution density of domestic animals and birds, the correlation coefficient being 0.65-0.83. The percentage of upland area is the most important factor influencing distribution density of domestic herbivorous animals, with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.9 Water body area has a greater influcuce on domestic bird density than other affecting factors. The fitting error of established models to practieal conditions is about 2%.
    Domestication of Tenualosa reevesii and its biology IGrowth and feeding habits of O+ old juvenile
    Wang Hanping, Qiu Shunlin, Chen Daqing, Zhong Mingyuan, Huang Mugui, Zhang Bangjie, Mai Jiabo
    1992, 3(3):  259-265. 
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    In this paper,the growth and feeding habits of young reeves shad under cultivated conditions are studied.The results show that the growth rate of cultivated juvenile is higher than that of natural ones.Young reeves shad of 26.6-94.9mm length mainly ingest zooplanktons,and the occurence rate of rotifera and phytoplanktons is decreased with the increasing length of shad. There are 18 genera of planktons ingested by shad, and the ingested frequency is 100%. The average fullness index of stomach is 75.70‰, and the weight percentage of various kinds of food is in order of copepoda>cleadocera>nauplius>zoea larva>rotifera>algae.d:\PDF\.pdf
    Population variation of phytoplankton in West Lake of Hangzhou before and after diluting sewages with erupting into river water and effect of controlling eutrophication
    Lu Kaihong, Yao Liyi, Zhou Shaoqin, Li Meizi
    1992, 3(3):  266-272. 
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    In 1988.4-1989.4, monthly investigations on individuals of blue algae in various areas of West Lake showed that after diluting sewages with empting into Qiantang River water, their amounts decreased from 84.4% in 1982 to 69.7%,and the species diversity increased from 118 to 192. The struetura' characteristics of population with blue algae being the dominant and the high TSIindex indicated that the water body of West Lake is still of eutrophic and its eutrophication is being slowly developed, and empting into river water doesn't induce any essential variation of water quality. Based on the variance analysis of algae amount and diversity index, the rates of pollution and eutrophication in various areas of this Lake is compared.
    Multiplying and absorbing characteristics of cadmium and copper-resistant plant cell lines
    Yang Jurong, T. Kubol
    1992, 3(3):  273-279. 
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    Five Cd-resistant and three Cu-resistant plant cell lines are obtained by cultivation in media containing 100 and 200 μmol Cd and Cu.Their relative multiplying rates are significantly higher than those of their parents and remain stable even with an obvious fluctuation of the concentrations of Cd and Cu. The accumulation of Cd and Cu by the cultured lines varies with the type of cells: some can reduce the absorption of Cd and Cu to raise their resistance, and others can absorb more Cd and Cu, but have a relatively stable accumulation to withstand the fluctuation of Cd and Cu in the environment. The nutrient absorption of cultured lines is stronger or weaker than that of their parents, suggesting that they are adapted to the environment by metabolism regulation. To some extents, the lines retain their characteristics obtained from cultivation, but still have a trend of reversing to their parents characterislics. It's thought that the tolerance is non geno-controlled.
    Effect of micronutrients B and Zn on crop nutrient balance
    Zou Bangji
    1992, 3(3):  280-285. 
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    Based on soil tests and field experiments, it is expounded that the supply of Band Zn is insufficient in many soils of Liaoning province, being a major factor limiting crop nutrient balance and yield increase in large areas. Applying Bor/and Zn directly or compounding them with urea beforehand may improve the nutritional and growing status of crops and increase their yield and quality. For upland rice nursery, Zn may be applied with compounding of soil regulator which contains sulphurie acid and other nutrients. In drab soil deficient in Zn, the applied Zn transforms rapidly into its various forms, among which, the carbonate-bound one is the major storage of available Zn. Applying Pfertilizer simultaneously doesn't decrease the availability of Zn. Therefore, the application of Zn in combination with Nand Pwill advantage crop nutrient balance and yield increase.
    Mathematical modelling and nature conservation
    Wu Jianguo
    1992, 3(3):  286-288. 
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    Increasing human-induced disturbances and habit fragmentation have jeopardized the biological diversity of the world. Nature conservation becomes a upmost important and quite challenging task.Theories and principles to guide conservation practices are urgently needed. Amajor attempt is made here to synthesize some recent theoretical and empirical studies in several different fields which are related to conservation science. Models which are based upon distinct perspectives and at different organizationa1 levels are reviewed and, applicability and roles of mathematical modelling in nature conservation are examined.
    Growth and development patterns of clone population of Neosinocalamus affinis
    Su Zhixian, Zhong Zhangcheng
    1992, 3(3):  289-291. 
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    In this paper, the growth and development of clone population of Neosinocalamus affinis are investigated with on-the -spot measurements and mathematical models, and the relationship between its growth and development and environmental factors is revealed. Models of its growth and development patterns, mature bamboo rate and shoot death rate are established.