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    25 January 1994, Volume 5 Issue 1
    Articles
    Relationships between ecological site quality and site index of lodgepole pine and white spruce in Northern British Columbia
    Qingli Wang, Gaofeng Wang, Karel Klinka
    1994, 5(1):  1-15. 
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    To establish a link between ecological site quality and forest productivity in the 'sub-boreal'portion of the Prince Rupert Forest Region,site index and site quality data from 93 lodepole pine stands and 77 white spruce stands were obtained and analyzed.The study stands were distributed across two climatic regimes(biogeoclimatic subzones),eight soil moisture regimes,and five soil nutrient regimes.These regimes were used as categorical variables in stratification of the stands and regression analysis.Site index of lodgepole pine and white spruce changed with soil moisture and nutrient regimes but not with climate.The pattern of change in relation to sol]moisture was similar for both species but different in relation to soil nitrogen.Compared to lodgepole pine,site index of white spruce was lower on water-deficient,water-surplus,and nitrogen-deficient(very Poor,poor f and medium)sites but the same or higher within the slightly dry to very moist and rich to very rich edatopic region.Of the five types of regression models developed,the edatope model showed strong relationships between site index and soil moisture and nutrient regimes[R2>0.80,SEE(standard error of estimates)<1.6m] for both lodgepole pine and white spruce.This model was used to construe site index isolines which were superimposed onto edatopic grids.It was concluded that the categorical measures of soil moisture and soil nutrients are good predictors of lodgepole pine and white spruce site index over a large area.
    Diversity of higher plants in broad - leaved Korean pine and secondary birch forests on northern slope or Changbai mountain
    Hao Zhanqing, Tao Danli, Zhao Shidong
    1994, 5(1):  16-23. 
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    Simpson and Shannon diversity indices and their eveness are used to analyse the difference of diversity of higher plants in broad-leaved Korean pine forest and secondary birch forests.The results show that the species diversity of higher plahts in secondary birch forest is higher than that in broad-leaved Korean pine forest for woody plants, but for herbs,the latter is higher.Many of rare species existed in broad--leaved Korean pine forest are few or absent in secondary birch forest.Species abundance distributions of both woody plants and herbs in these two forests obey a logarithmic series distribution.
    Whether winter desiccation injuries of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica occur on Keerqin sandy land
    Zheng Chaojun, Tao Danli, Jin Yuehua
    1994, 5(1):  24-31. 
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    To know whether winter desiccation injuries of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica occur in the semi -arid region of eastern Inner-mongolia,dynamics of needles'water content and transpiration rate of its seedlings planted in Spring and Autumn are monitored during overwintering period,and needles critical water content and symptoms of winter desiccation injuries are determined and simulated in laboratory.The results show that the needles'water content of seedlings planted in Autumn becomes significantly lower than their critical water content since January, while that of seedlings planted in Spring has a significantly higher water content than the critical value through the winter,which is beneficial to overwintering.The comparison of water content and transpiration rate indicates that there must have some water incomes for needles even in the soil frozen period.The simulated winter desiccation injury symptoms are similar to those occured on Autumn -planted seedlings in the field,but not observed on Spring-planted ones.It'S concluded that in this region,winter desiccation injuries may not occur in living seedlings planted in Spring.
    Relations of four coniferous young trees'photosynthetic and transpiration rates to soil moisture content and their drought resistance
    Guo Liansheng, Tian Youliang
    1994, 5(1):  32-36. 
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    Analysis on the relations of four coniferous young trees' photosynthetic and transpiration rates to soil moisture content in semi--arid region shows that these two rates tend to decrease with decreasing soil moisture content, which can be expressed by regression equation y=A+Be-kx.Calculation results show that when net photosynthetic rate(y)equals to zero,the values of soil moisture content(x) are diffferent for each coniferous species.Tree species with smaller x values have a stronger drought resistance,which is in order of Plalycladus orientalis>Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica>p.tabulaeformis>Picea meyeri.
    Recovery of vegetation in subtropical monsoon evergreen broad -leaved forestⅠ.Principle:Response of Photosynthesis of plants on different disturbed forestlands to environmental factors
    Sun Guchou
    1994, 5(1):  37-42. 
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    The responses of photosynthetic rate(PN)and stomatal conductance(g)of plants at closed,medium closed and open sites and hillslopes to light intensity,CO2 concentration and leaf/air water vapor pressure gradient are studied.The results show that Psychotria rubra and Rhodomyrl,,s tomenlosa have higher values of PN and g and a higher yield of photosynthetic photon,more adaptive to the environment with higher light intensity.A higher concentration of atmospheric CO2is of advantage to the increase of PN,and that of Psychotria rltlwn and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa in particular.When Ci is 150pl·L-1,the PN of Anlaranthus or,tentus is maximum.A higher Ci is available to the maintenance of higher leaf conductance.An increasing leaf/air water vapor pressure gradient can induce the decreasing PN for Ardisia quinquegona and Psychotria rubra, but not for Rhodomprttts tomentosa,which is adapted to arid environment.In disturbed forestland, the pioneer species with higher PN is introduced to improve site condition.
    Theoretical analysis on the relation of drag coefficient to permeability of windbreaks
    Zhou Guangsheng, Zhu Tingyao
    1994, 5(1):  43-45. 
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    The drag of windbreak is analysed by impulse theorem in this paper.A simulation model of drag coefficient of windbreak,Cd=(l.8+0.2a)(1-a)sin2ω,is presented, and it is tested in terms of those data from published papers.A parallel-force of windbreak is also discussed.The parallel -force of windbreak whose value is 0.7—1.1% of the normal force can be neglected.
    Establishment of artificial vegetation model for Keerqin sandy land
    Li Jin, Liu Zhimin, Li Shenggong, Zhao Wenzhi
    1994, 5(1):  46-51. 
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    In this paper,a model for establishing artificial vegetation on Keerqin sandy land is advanced through analyzing rainfall characteristics,moisture condition of dune I successions of several plant species used to establish the vegetation and functions of each type of vegetations.The model consists of the component and structure of vegetations,their disposal patterns on different sites of sandy land and establishing order of different types of artificial vegetationts.
    Ecological study on vegetation reconstruction at tailings siteⅠ.Effect of lead -zinc tailings on seed germination
    Zhang Zhiquan, Lan Chongyu
    1994, 5(1):  52-56. 
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    Under laboratory condition,the seeds of trees,crops and grasses can all germinate in lead-zinc tailings.Their germination rates are similar with those in non-polluted soil,but many of them are lower than control.No dead seedlings are found within 30 days.In comparison with control,the plant height is decreased by 28.4%, compound leaf number by 34.1%,and'the biomass by 52.6%.
    Effect of light intensity on photosynthetic characteristics, nutritive components and yield of American ginseng
    Yu Guohua, Man Huimin, Luo Wenxi
    1994, 5(1):  57-61. 
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    The photosynthetic saturation and compensation points of American ginseng at 21.6% of natural light intensity(NLI)are higher than those at 11% of NLI,28 is the optimum temperature for photosynthesis of American ginseng..its photosynthetic products are mainly distributed in roots at ZI,6% of NLI and in fruits at 11% of NLI.The photosynthetic rate increases with increasing light intensity,reaches the maximum at 30N of NLI,and appeares to be a double peak curves during a day.The chlorophyll content of leaf reduces with increasing light intensity when NLI is higher than 20%,and the same for chlorophyll b content.In addition I the stoma number on lower surface of leaf,cuticle figure on upper surface of leaf,chloroplasts number and thylakoid structure are significantly different under higher and lower light intensities.The contents of saponin and amino acid in root of American ginseng and its yield are increased with increasing light intensity,being the highest at 30% of NLI and decreases at 40% of.NLI.
    Distribution and forms of iron and manganese in calcareous rhizosphere soils as related to plant uptake
    Fan Xiaohui, Shi Weiming, Liu Zhiyu
    1994, 5(1):  62-67. 
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    In this paper,the distribution and forms of Fe and Mn in rhizosphere soils planted with five varieties of crops were investigated by using the rhizobag system.The results show that exchangeable Fe(EX-Fe),carbonate-bound-Fe(CARB-Fe),amorphous Fe oxides(AO-Fe)and exchangeable Mn(EX-Mn),carbonate-bound-Mn(CARB-Mn)are accumulated significantly in rhizosphere soils.The amount of which are different among the rkizosphere soils of five crops.Correlation analysis shows that both the Fe content in the plants and the amount of Fe absorbed by plants are positively correlated with AO-Fe content in rhizosphere of yellow fluvo-aquic soil.Besides the influence of PH change in rhizosphere, the mobilization of insoluble Fe-by root exudates may be related to the accumulation of available Fe in rhizosphere.The accumulation of available Mn in rhizosphere is associated with rhizosphere Eh.
    Chitinase in Vicia faba leaves:induction by APhis craccivora──a convergent plant physiological stress reaction
    Wang Haibo, Tao Yun, Jin Sha
    1994, 5(1):  68-71. 
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    Experiments are carried out to study the chitinase in Viola faba leaves induced by Aphis craccivora on the basis of an insect-plant interrelationship.It is found that insect stress can induce plants chitinase activity and plant stress reaction level is related to the insect luantity.A highest chitinase activity is determined in 21 days under insect feeding.The experiments also show that plant can transmit the messages of insect stress from upper to lower alld increase its chitinase activity.The stress reaction fluctuates with time.It's concluded that plants resistant mechanism is the same under any adverse situations,that is to say.plant has a kind of convergent physiological stress reaction, and the dynamics of its chitinase activity is only an accompanying phenomenon.
    Variation of tree-ring in urban environment and its relation to industrial development
    Yu Bin, Huang Huiyi
    1994, 5(1):  72-77. 
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    Through the correlation analysis for tree ring width and its element content of Chinese pine and the industrial development of Shenyang region,the history of ecological and environmental changes of the region can be traced back and reconstructed,and then the relationship between urban environmental quality and tree ring variation is revealed.The results show that under pollution condition,tree ring width and its element content varied sharply,which are closely correlated with Shenyang industrial development.
    Hydrobios and photosynthetic oxygenation by algae in integrated biological ponds
    Xia Yicheng, Kuang Qijun, Zhan Facui, Chen Junjian, Zhou Yiyong, Wu Zhenbin
    1994, 5(1):  78-82. 
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    An integrated biological pond system with pilot plant scale for purifying sewage and reusing wastewater resource has been operated for 3 years.Bacteria,algae and zooplanktons in the system are investigated.The system can remove>90% of mutagenicity,feeal conform.coliphage and enterovirus in sewage.A convenient method for estimating photosynthetic oxygenation by determining standing biomass is developed.Through the installation of aluatic plant area as an eec-modification belt at the out flow end of algaebacteria unit,the algae content of effluence can be decreased by 40%,and its water quality can be obviously improved.
    Control of hazardous microorganisms in industrial recirculating cooling water with bacteriophages
    Chen Junqin, Lü Renhao
    1994, 5(1):  83-88. 
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    A study on control of hazardous microorganisms in industrial recirculating cooling water with bacteriophages shows that in cooling water culture,the microbiocidal efficiency of bacteriophages is 85.4 %,and in simulated dynamic culture or on hanging pieces,it's respectively 83.3% and 70%.
    Effect of various modifiers on migration and accumulation of heavy metals
    Wang Xin, Wu Yanyu, Liang Renlu, Ma Yueqiang
    1994, 5(1):  89-94. 
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    The effect of combined pollutants Cd,Pb,Cu,Zn and As on rice and soybean growth and their migration and accumulation in soil-plant system under different modifying measures are studied with pot experiment.The results show that the greater the ionic impulsion in crop roots.the heavier the damage to crops is.Acid treatment inhibits crop growth,and treatment with lime and/or humic acid is of advantage to it.The effect of modifiers on migration of heavy metals is in order of acid>humic acid>lime,and the absorption of heavy metals by crops is in order of root>stem and leaf>grain.The migration of heavy metals in soil-plant system decreases in order of Cd>Zn>Cu>As>Pb.
    Characteristics and methods of macroscopic ecological research
    Xiao Duning
    1994, 5(1):  95-102. 
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    Macroscopic ecology deals with problems of large spatial and temporal scales at the ecosystem level,which emphasizes on the development and effects of spatial heterogeneity,interactions and influences of spatial patterns on ecological processes, the hierarchical structure of landscape, the importance of spatial and temporal scale and ecological effects of human.Remote sensing and GIS ate a powerful technique in the study of spatial registered ground objects, especially for collection and analysis of spatial data.Methods of landscape characterization(including spatial pattern analysis and indices of landscape heterogeneity)and landscape modeling are quantitative techniques and essential to development of macroscopic ecology.Research network by linking observation and experiment stations will improve the ecological reserarch from a traditional,emperical and qualitative discipline to a mordern,integrated ecological sciences.
    Acute biotoxicity of industrial solid wastes
    Xie Siqin, Gu Zonglian, Zhou Dezhi
    1994, 5(1):  103-105. 
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    Acute biotoxicity of tailings, As and Ca slags, Cr slags and electroplating sludges is studied with luminous bacteria method.The results show that luminous bacteria have a high sensitivity to the toxicity of tested solid wastes.The EC50 values of tested wastes are 2.54×10-6,1.07×10-4,2.14×10-4 and 3.62×10-4 respectively,being equivalent to the EC50 value(0.126μg·ml-1)of reference poison HgCl2.
    Capillary gas chromatographic analysis of priority organic Pollutants in soil
    Liu Hailing, Yu Dianchen, Yao Jiabiao, Zhu Yan, He Donghui, Zhang Lishan
    1994, 5(1):  106-109. 
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    This paper introduces a capillary gas chromatographic method for analysing priority organic.pollutants in soil.Soil samples are extracted by dichloromethane.After refining through a silica get column, many kinds of priority organic pollutants in extract can be determined rapidly and simultaneously with capillary gas chromatography(FID/GC).The minimum detection limit is 2-50ng·g-1.