Loading...
Welcome to Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology! Today is Share:

Table of Content

    25 September 1997, Volume 8 Issue 5
    Articles
    Mortality patterns of Larix gmelini and effect of fallen dead wood on regeneration of old Larix gmelini forest
    Ban Yong, Xu Huacheng, Li Zhandong
    1997, 8(5):  449-454. 
    Asbtract ( 1371 )   PDF (887KB) ( 699 )  
    The study shows that the snags of L.gmelini are resulted from fire, suppression, or ageing. There are more medium diameter snags in L.gmelini Betula fruticosa and L.gmelini Ledum palustre forests, more medium and large diameter snags in L.gmelini Herbae forest, and more medium and small diameter snags in L.gmelini Alnus mandshurica forest. For dead trees, the uprooted trees are dominant in L.gmelini Betula fruticosa and L.gmelini Alnus mandshurica forest, snapped trees are dominant in L.gmelini Ledum palustre and L.gmelini Herbae forests. The treefall direction is chiefly affected by topography, run of mountain, and direction of dominant wind, which is random in L.gmelini Betula fruticosa forest, east in L.gmelini Alnus mandshurica forest, south and northeast for uprooted trees in L.gmelini Ledum palustre and L.gmelini Herbae forests, respectively, and random for snapped trees in both forests. In L.gmelini Herbae and L.gmelini Alnus mandshurica forests, the density of seedlings and saplings on fallen dead wood (18 and 40 individuals per m2, respectively) is greater than that on mineral soil (2 individuals per m2).The regeneration of seedlings and saplings is quite good (28 individuals per m2) on dead logs and on forest floor in L.gmelini Betula fruticosa forest. The effect of dead logs on regeneration is not clear in L.gmelini Ledum palustre forest.
    Simulation of polar birch forest succession in broad leaved Korean pine forest zone in Mt.Changbai
    Yu Zhenliang, Zhao Shidong, Wang Qingli, Zhai Yonghu
    1997, 8(5):  455-458. 
    Asbtract ( 1306 )   PDF (407KB) ( 523 )  
    The dynamics of polar birch forest in broad leaved Korean pine forest zone in Mt.Changbai was simulated by the validated ZELIG.CBA model. Based on the seeds sources of Korean pine available or not, two schemes were adopted.The results show that Korean pine determined the time when polar or birch would be replaced.If the seeds of Korean pine were available, the final stage of succession would be the broad leaved Korean pine forest.Otherwise, it would be a mixed broad leaved forest.The biomass and the volume of these two kinds of forest were quite different.
    Decomposition of mixed foliar litter I. Amicrocosm study
    Liao Liping, D.K.Lindley, Yang Yonghui
    1997, 8(5):  459-464. 
    Asbtract ( 1708 )   PDF (644KB) ( 610 )  
    Amicrocosm system was used in laboratory to study the decomposition of mixed foliar litters from Cunninghamia lanceolata and,either Michelia macclurei var.sublanea,Castanopsis hystrix or Schima superba to explore the possible interaction between various species litters during their decomposition.The results showed that the interaction pattern differed with mixing type,mixing Cunninghamia lanceolata with S.superba showing an inhibitory interaction,and with Castanopsis hystrix or M.macclurei showing a somewhat positive interaction.
    Vegetation diversity in northeastern ChinaⅠ. Diversity of vertical vegetation composition in cold temperate coniferous forest region
    Guan Wenbin, Chen Tie, Dong Yaji, Zhou Yiliang
    1997, 8(5):  465-470. 
    Asbtract ( 1605 )   PDF (677KB) ( 548 )  
    By the use of Renyi and Hill's diversity index groups, the plant flora diversity, life type diversity and leaf scale diversity of vertical vegetation in cold temperate coniferous forest region of China were analyzed. Three vegetation zones and three subzones,i.e., subalpine forest zone(Ⅰ), cold temperate coniferous forest zone(Ⅱ),and subzones of cold temperate coniferous forests in upper hill(Ⅲ1),medium hill(Ⅲ2) and lower hill(Ⅲ3) ,are defined as special biodiversity vegetation zone(Ⅰ),transition vegetation zone(Ⅱ),intersected vegetation subzone(Ⅲ1),opened vegetation subzone(Ⅲ2) and aggregate vegetation subzone(Ⅲ1). The protective management strategy should be adopted for Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ1 zones. For Ⅲ2 and Ⅲ3 subzones,the management strategy should be to restore and increase biodiversity,and to promote progressive succession.
    Temperature type phenomenon of wheat
    Zhang Songwu
    1997, 8(5):  471-474. 
    Asbtract ( 1263 )   PDF (688KB) ( 429 )  
    Based on many years continual determination of temperature for the populations of wheat varieties by means of infrared technique, the temperature type phenomenon of wheat is discovered. Each temperature type of wheat has its distinct characteristics in its external and internal characters. Cold typal wheat is superior than warm typal one in many important characters:the functional period of its functional leaves is 10.8% longer, its root number per plant is 20 more, and the chlorophyll content, transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate of its flag leaves are respectively 0.1389 g·100g-1 ·FW,0.0035 mol·m -2 ·s-1 and 4.71 μmol·m -2 ·s-1 higher.It is considered that the temperature type wheat is closedly related with a series of important characters of wheat.
    Effect of interplanting summer cotton on its ecological condition and development
    Sun Benpu, Li Xiuyun, Wang Yong, Zhang Baomin, Ji Jiahua, Shi Weize, Ma Xianfen
    1997, 8(5):  475-780. 
    Asbtract ( 1385 )   PDF (269KB) ( 404 )  
    Field experiments show that during the intergrowth period of cotton and wheat, the light intensity in crown layer of cotton seedling growing on the ridge of wheat field is about 30% of that in the same layer of mono planted cotton seedling, which is below the light compensation point in most time. Light is the most important factor affecting the development of interplanted summer cotton. The diurnal mean temperature at 0,5,10,15 and 20 cm soil depth in wheat field ridge is respectively 5.1,4.0,4.6,5.0 and 4.9℃ lower than that in mono planted cotton field, and respectively 2.1,1.8,1.1,0.6 and 0.6℃ higher than that in cotton row interplanted with wheat. Other environmental factors on wheat field ridge are generally superior than those on cotton row interplanted with wheat, but inferior to those on mono planted cotton field.The growing period of cotton comes earlier on wheat field ridge than on cotton row interplanted with wheat, but later than that of mono planted summer cotton, and the biological and economic characters of cotton are superior on wheat field ridge than on cotton row interplanted with wheat, but inferior to mono planted summer cotton.
    Stomatal resistance of maize leaf and its relationship with photosynthesis and transpiration under different field conditions
    Zhao Ming, Li Shaokun, Wang Meiyun
    1997, 8(5):  481-485. 
    Asbtract ( 1785 )   PDF (949KB) ( 538 )  
    Seventeen inbred lines and ten hybrids of maize were used to study the difference of stomatal resistance (RS) among genotypes and its relationship with photosynthesis (PH), transpiration (TR) and water use efficiency (WUE) under different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), leaf positions, growth stages and source sink ratios. The results indicated that there was a significantly difference of RS among different inbred lines, with the maximum of 2.3 times difference. Reducing PPFD, increasing the difference of leaf positions, postponing growth stages or changing source sink ratios could iuduce an increase of RS value. The variation of RS would correspondingly result in the change of TR and PH. There was a significant negative relationship of RS with PH and TR and the coefficient was rRS-TR>rRS-PH. The relationship between RSand WUE was erratic.
    Optimum fertilization for high yield, high sucrose content and high profit of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) on different soil types
    Liang Jinan, Li Yuqian, Tan Zhongwen, Chen Weidong
    1997, 8(5):  486-490. 
    Asbtract ( 1579 )   PDF (222KB) ( 542 )  
    Using quadratic orthogonal rotating design, an optimum fertilization experiment of sugarcane was conducted on lateritic soil and paddy soil, and the optimized fertilization model for each soil was primarily decided by means of the process of establishing mathematical model, simulating and optimizing.Based on the regression coefficients of mathematical models and the fertilization schemes of single and comprehensive character indicators, the effects of the three elements of fertilizer and their fertilization levels on the yield and sucrose content of cane and the net income were compared and analyzed.
    Effect of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on CH4emission from paddy soil
    Liu Kexing, Liao Zhongwen, You Zhilin
    1997, 8(5):  491-494. 
    Asbtract ( 1309 )   PDF (711KB) ( 817 )  
    Pot experiment with a paddy soil was conducted to study the effect of several combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers on CH4 emission.The results indicate that the CH4 emission showed a pronounced diurnal variation,and the peaks occured at late tillering and early heading stages.Different combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers showed an obvious effect on CH4 emission,and the highest and lowest emissions were 8.12 and 5.72 g·m-2 respectively,with a 42% difference.Granulated organic inorganic fertilizer induced a high CH4 emission,but the rice yield was also high.Instead,the CH4 emission of per unit rice yield was lower.
    N2O emission from rice wheat ecosystem in Southeast China
    Zheng Xunhua, Wang Mingxing, Wang Yuesi, Shen Renxing, Gong Yanbang, Zhang Wen, Luo Dongmei
    1997, 8(5):  495-499. 
    Asbtract ( 1632 )   PDF (608KB) ( 683 )  
    Based on the observations on N2O emission from rice-wheat rotation systems in Southeast China,its temporal variation and the effects of fertilization,irrigation,temperature,and soil moisture and available Ncontents on it are discussed. Meanwhile,the difference of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice season is analysed. The results show that the amount of N2O emitted from rice season only accounts for about 30% of the whole rotation cycle.The CH4 emission increases 26% by keeping flooding in rice season,and N2O emission from rice-wheat rotation cycle reduces 13~26%,comparing to normal irrigation.
    Distribution patterns of spikelets and florets in conical spikes of three grass species
    Yang Yunfei, Fu Linqian
    1997, 8(5):  500-504. 
    Asbtract ( 1444 )   PDF (585KB) ( 355 )  
    The distribution patterns of spikelets and forets in conical spikes of Phalaris arundinacea,Dactylis glomerata and Festuca arundinacea showed that their spikelets and florets on each node were in Weibull distribution,and all grew in saturation curves along with the increase of node order.By entrusting the statistical parameters with biological meanings,the relevant life phenomena,the development patterns and their biological and ecological mechanisms were analyzed and revealed macroscopically.
    Biomass formation dynamics of Leymus chinensis population affected by grazing
    Wang Renzhong
    1997, 8(5):  505-509. 
    Asbtract ( 1345 )   PDF (232KB) ( 524 )  
    This paper studied the effect of grazing on biomass formation dynamics of Leymus chinensis at population level in the northeastern China grassland. The results show that the assimilation system standing biomass (ASSB), unassimilation system standing biomass (UASSB),litter accumulation, living rhizome biomass (LRB) and dead rhizome biomass (DRB) were decreased significantly with increasing grazing intensity. At heavily grazing stage, they were respectively 48.6,49.4,41.3 and 51.4% of those at lightly grazing stage. The same seasonal variation tendency was found between ASSB and UASSR, and between LRB and DRB.
    Population fluctuation of aphids on crucifer vegetables in Hangzhou suburbs
    Liu Shusheng, Wang Xingeng, Wu Xiaojing, Shi Zuhua, Chen Qihu, Hu Hongxiang
    1997, 8(5):  510-514. 
    Asbtract ( 1455 )   PDF (232KB) ( 351 )  
    Many years observations on the patterns of population fluctuation of aphids on crucifer vegetables in Hangzhou suburbs show that only two species of aphids, Myzus persicae and Lipaphis erysimi occurred on crucifer vegetables. The mixed populations of the two aphids showed two peaks each year, with the first one from May to June and the second one around November. The average population density in the two peaks usually reached over 500 aphids per plant, and the second peak usually exceeded the first one in both density and duration. However , in years with low temperature in late summer and early autumn, the aphid population density r apidly increased from August to September and reached over 1000 aphids per plant in peak period, and was very low in both midsummer and midwinter . M . persicae was pr edominant from December to May of t he following year , L . erysimi was predominant from July to October, and their relative predominance was alternat ed each year from May to July and from October to December,respectively. Temper ature is a key factor affecting the seasonal fluctuation pattern of the mix ed population of the two aphids and their interspecific difference in seasonal fluctuation. The influence of other factors such as plant nut rition and natural enemies w as also discussed.
    Purification of piggery eco-environment by insects Ⅰ.Dung feeding insect species and evaluation on utilizing their dominant species
    Wu Zhenquan
    1997, 8(5):  515-518. 
    Asbtract ( 1534 )   PDF (625KB) ( 515 )  
    This paper deals with the investigation on piggery pollution and the trials on the pollution control through feeding insects with pig dung. The results show that there are more than 10 species of insects which can feed on pig dung, and most of them belong to Calliphoidae and Stratiomyiidae of Diptera, indicating that pig dung is a good kind of feed for saprophytic insects.According to the ability of digesting dung, three dominant species are selected, and their life history, generation duration, feeding habit and behaviors are studied. 70% of the pig dung can be digested by raising a large amount of insects, and these raised insects can be used as a protein resource for poultry and livestock husbandry, and aquatic product industry.
    Effect of matric potential on the survival of luxAB marked Rhizobium fredii in soil
    Cui Mingxue, Zhang Chenggang, Jin Suying, Li Mingqi
    1997, 8(5):  519-526. 
    Asbtract ( 1471 )   PDF (376KB) ( 417 )  
    The luxAB gene were inserted into the chromosome of Rhizobium fredii by conjugation.R.fredii lux3 which could nodulate soybean and fix nitrogen efficiently was used in studying on molecular ecology of R. fredii. The survival and activity of R.fredii lux3 were studied following inoculation into soil microcosms at different matric potentials.Survival were significantly (P<0.05) greater in sterile soil at -30 and -750 kPa than that in nonsterile soil.Survival at -1500 kPa was not affected by autoclaving of soil.The activity of R. fredii lux3 in soil were influenced significantly by different matric potentials.Reactivation decreased greately with prolonged starvation.Population activity was measured by liquid scillination, dehydrogenase activity and respiration.Metabolic activity measured by luminescence decreased significantly with time (P<0.05).Luminescence following amendment with substrates ( potential luminescence,PLf) demonstrated the time required for activation of the starved inoculum.Therefore,luxABgene was a convenient and useful marker for R.fredii.
    Relationship between lignin peroxidase activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and pH value
    Ding Zuolong, Gao Hui
    1997, 8(5):  527-530. 
    Asbtract ( 1828 )   PDF (200KB) ( 429 )  
    Phanerochatet chrysosporium was liquid cultured with avicel as carbon source and with veratric alcohol as enzyme inducing agent.Determinations of its lignin peroxidase activity at different initial pH values showed that the highest enzyme activity was obtained at pH 6.0, indicating that the optimum pHvalue was relatively higher when avicel was used to substitute glucose as a carbon source.The enzyme activity had a positive relationship with the diameter of hyphal pellet.
    Influence of eco-environment on crude fibre resolvability of ruminal microbial flora in vitro culture
    Hu Daize, Deng Maochang, Lang Jiawen, Tan Zuqun, Wang Shujuan, Yang Zhong
    1997, 8(5):  531-534. 
    Asbtract ( 1486 )   PDF (193KB) ( 441 )  
    With the equipments simulating the environment in a ruminant's paunch the in vitro fermentation of ruminal microbial flora was performed to study the influence of major ecological conditions on crude fibre resolvability. It shows that the crude fibre resolvability is the strongest at the temperature of 30~40℃, stirring intensity of 60~72 r·min-1 with 20 min·h-1 and C/N of 10/1 in culture medium. The fibre resolving rate may reach 36~41% after five days of fermentation.
    Restoration and structural optimization of aquatic vegetation in enclosure and fence in East Lake of Wuhan
    Ma Jianmin, Yan Guoan, Ren Nan, Luo Yueping, Li Yijian
    1997, 8(5):  535-540. 
    Asbtract ( 1364 )   PDF (530KB) ( 453 )  
    In order to rebuild the aquatic vegetation in the East lake of Wuhan,experiments on its natural restoratin and artificial structural optimization were carried out in two large enclosures and one fence. The aquatic vegetation in enclosure and fence was restored in two years. Its monthly average biomass was about 2 times larger than the control,and the aquatic vascular plants were naturally increased 3~6 species. The floating plants could easily settle down and reproduce,and Spirogyra and Cladophora could grow easily. In the naturally restored aquatic vegetation, Myriophyllum spicatum and Trapa incisa were dominant species with no emerged plants and an unsatisfactory community structure. Through rational selection and plantation of plant species,the aquatic vegetation and its structure could be restored and improved faster.It was found from our preliminary experiments that Nelumbo nucifera,Phragmites communis,Vallisneria spiralis,Mgriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demersum had a good adaptability. They could be selected as the pioneering species to rebuild the aquatic vegetation in East Lake. The vegetation structure mainly consisted of submerged plants was better. To limit fish culture was a prerequisite for aquatic vegetation restoration.
    Dissolving rates of N and P from newborn remains produced by feeding and their changing patterns in shrimp pond
    Sun Yao, Li Jian, Cui Yi, Li Feng
    1997, 8(5):  541-544. 
    Asbtract ( 1382 )   PDF (355KB) ( 585 )  
    Based on determinations of simulation experiment, the influence of newborn remains on environment in shrimp pond is estimated. The results show that the dissolving rates of N and P from two kinds of culturation newborn remains and their TN/TP and IP/TP ratios are varied in a greater range with the lapse of time, and the general changing patterns of the two newborn remains are similar. Because the remains produced by mussel decomposes very fast, it has a great short term influence on cultural environment, but its long term influence is no more serious than that of mixed feed. The newborn remain is a main pollutant source for shrimp cultural environment and its adjacent waters.
    Ecological effect of compound pollution of heavy metals in soil plant system Ⅱ. Effect on element uptake by crops, alfalfa and tree
    Wu Yanyu, Wang Xin, Liang Renlu
    1997, 8(5):  545-552. 
    Asbtract ( 1390 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 771 )  
    Field experiment showed that because of the interaction among Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and As, the absorption coefficient of Cd, Pb and Zn for crops was increased,and the exceeding percentage——the content of pollutant in seed, which exceeds the food health standard——was 16.6~42.85% in low dosage and 16.6~71.42% in high dosage treatment. The Cd and Pb contents in alfalfa stem and leaf exceeded the forage health standard, and the pollutant contents in tree were also increased in all treatments, which was even more serious in acid and neutral soils.
    Accumulation characteristic of heavy metals and other elements in sediments of Erdaofang River
    Zhang Shuxiang, Yi Yanli, Liu Xiaoyi
    1997, 8(5):  553-556. 
    Asbtract ( 1290 )   PDF (190KB) ( 516 )  
    This paper dealt with the accumulation characteristics of 14 elements in the sediments of Erdaofang River. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of elements with similar geochemical properties in the sediments attained to a very significant or significant level. Based on factor analysis, four principal factors which represented 85% of measurement information of 14 elements were selected. With corresponding eigenvectors of first and second principal factors as ax is X and Y,the 14 elements were divided into three types. Multi regression models of most elements and sediment properties were established.
    Immigrant environmental capacity analysis of the “Three Gorges”reservoir area
    Yuan Hongren, Wei Kaimei
    1997, 8(5):  557-561. 
    Asbtract ( 1312 )   PDF (217KB) ( 580 )  
    The “Three Gorges”engineering induces a vast inundated land, large amount of immigrants and arduous settlement task, which gives a widespread and profound influence on environment. Based on the current status of environmental capacity in “Three Gorges”reservoir area, its immigrant environmental capacity was analyzed from the aspects of the land bearing capacity and the development of second and third industries in cities and towns. Suggestions were made on the rational exploitation of land resources, development of economy,enlargement of immigrant environmental capacity, and prevention of resource damage and eco environmental deterioration in the reservoir area.