Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of 15 Rhododendron cultivars

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201612.013

Abstract

Abstract: In this study, 17 anatomical structure indexes of 15 Rhododendron cultivars were mea-sured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Leaf anatomical structure indexes were screened via coefficient of variation, analysis of correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis, and comprehensive evaluation on heat resistance for each cultivar was conducted by the subordinate function. The results showed that the leaves of Rhododendron cultivars were typical bifacial leaf and the epidermal anticlinal walls showed slightly sinuate. The stomata only distributed in the lower epidermis and the shape was ruleless. The anatomical structure indexes all reached a significant level difference among 15 cultivars (P<0.01), except for lower epidermis thickness (P<0.05). Thickness of lamina corneum, stomatal density, stomatal width, the thickness palisade tissue and looseness of leaf spongy tissue were the main factors related to the hardness, while other indexes, such as stomatal length, stoma aperture, stomatal opening, length and thickness of upper epidermis, length and thickness of lower epidermis, thickness of spongy tissue, the ratio of the palisade tissue to spongy tissue, tightness of leaf palisade tissue, leaf thickness and media thickness didn’t show much effect on heat resistance. There were some differences among 15 cultivars in heat resistance, and the order was Rhododendron ‘Song Jiang Da Tao Hong’ > Rhododendron ‘Zhuang Yuan Hong’ > Rhododendron ‘Lv Se Guang Hui’ > Rhododendron ‘Fen Zhen Zhu’ > Rhododendron ‘Wai Guo Hong’ > Rhododendron ‘Lan Yin’ > Rhododendron ‘Bi Zhi’ >Rhododendron ‘Da He Zhi Chun’ > Rhododendron ‘Guo Qi Hong’ > Rhododendron ‘Yu Ling Long’ > Rhododendron ‘Hong Shan Hu’ > Rhododendron ‘Ning Bo Hong’ > Rhododendron ‘Tao Ban Zhu Sha’ > Rhododendron ‘Ai Ding Bao’ > Rhododendron ‘Liu Qiu Hong’. According to the heat hardiness, the cultivars could be divided into 4 groups: R. ‘Song Jiang Da Tao Hong’, R. ‘Zhuang Yuan Hong’ and R. ‘Lv Se Guang Hui’ with high heat resistance, R. ‘Fen Zhen Zhu’, R. ‘Wai Guo Hong’, R. ‘Lan Yin’, R. ‘Bi Zhi’, R. ‘Da He Zhi Chun’, R. ‘Guo Qi Hong’ and R. ‘Yu Ling Long’ with medium heat resistance, R. ‘Hong Shan Hu’, R. ‘Ning Bo Hong’, R. ‘Tao Ban Zhu Sha’ and R. ‘Ai Ding Bao’ with lower heat resistance, R. ‘Liu Qiu Hong’ without heat resistance. However, the accurate heat hardiness evaluation of Rhododendron still needs to consider other factors, including morphological structure, physiological and biochemical indicators and genetic factor of heat resistance, the harmfulness of Rhododendron, and the recovery state after being injured by high temperature.

SHEN Hui-fei, ZHAO Bing, XU Jing-jing. Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of 15 Rhododendron cultivars[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(12): 3895-3904.

References

[1] Wang S-Z (王守中). Rhododendron. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1989: 1 (in Chinese)
[2] Zhao B (赵冰), Zhang G (张果), Si G-C (司国臣), et al. Investigation on Rhododendron germelasm in Qinling Mountains. Journal of Northwest Forestry University (西北林学院学报), 2013, 28(1): 104-109 (in Chinese)
[3] Guo X-M (郭学民), Liu J-Z (刘建珍), Zhai J-T (翟江涛), et al. Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and trunk cold resistance of 16 peach cultivars. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2015, 51(8): 33-43 (in Chinese)
[4] IPCC. Climate Change: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge: Cambridge Universiy Press, 2013
[5] Rong L (容丽), Chen X (陈训), Wang X-C (汪小春). Leaf anatomical characters and its ecological adaptation of 13 species of Rhododendron in Baili azalea area. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences (安徽农业科学), 2009, 37(3): 1084 -1088 (in Chinese)
[6] Zheng W-J (郑文俊). Studies on the Heat Resistance of Six Dendmnthema mums. Master Thesis. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2004 (in Chinese)
[7] Ren Y-Y (任媛媛), Liu Y-P (刘艳萍), Wang N (王念), et al. The relationship between leaf anatomic structure and drought resistance of nine broadleaf plants. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences) (南京林业大学学报:自然科学版), 2014, 38(4): 65-68 (in Chinese)
[8] Chen WL, Yang WJ, Lo HF, et al. Physiology, anatomy, and cell membrane thermostability selection of leafy radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis Pers.) with different tolerance under heat stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 2014, 179: 367-375
[9] Jin L-Z (靳路真),Wang Y (王洋), Zhang W (张伟), et al. Grading evaluation on heat-tolerance in soybean and identification of heat-tolerant cultivars. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences (中国油料作物学报), 2016, 38(1): 77-87 (in Chinese)
[10] Yue Y (岳媛). Study on Seed Breeding Technology and Heat Tolerance of Rhododendron L. Master Thesis. Nanjing: Nanjing Forestry University, 2013 (in Chinese)
[11] Hu H-G (胡化广), Zhang Z-M (张振铭), Shen X-H (沈晓华). Responses of five turfgrass species to water stress and tolerance evaluation. Acta Agrestia Sinica (草地学报), 2011, 19(2): 253-256 (in Chinese)
[12] Wang K-H (王凯红), Liu X-P (刘向平), Zhang L-H (张乐华), et al. Physiological-biochemical response of five species in Rhododendron L. to high temperature stress and comprehensive evaluation of their heat tole-rance. Journal of Plant Resources and Environment (植物资源与环境学报), 2011, 20(3): 29-35 (in Chinese)
[13] Ma H-Y (马洪英), Zhang Y-F (张远芳), Zhang X-L (张晓磊), et al. Evaluation on comprehensive characteristics from seven tomato germplasm resources and analysis of membership function. Northern Horticulture (北方园艺), 2011(1): 13-15 (in Chinese)
[14] Hu W-J (胡伟娟), Zhang Q-X (张启祥), Pan H-T (潘会堂), et al. Relationship between leaf anatomical structure and heat resistance of Primula. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University (华中农业大学学报), 2010, 29(3): 363-368 (in Chinese)
[15] Gong Y (宫宇), Liu X-H (刘宪虎), Zhang C-Y (张春影), et al. The anatomy structure of leaf-blades from Rhododendron chrysanthum Pall in different regions. Journal of Agricultural Science Yanbian University (延边大学农学学报), 2010, 32(1): 22-25 (in Chinese)
[16] Wang G-Y (王光耀), Liu J-M (刘俊梅), Zhang Y (张仪), et al. Studies on stomatal properties of four common bean cultivars with known different thermoresistance. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology (农业生物技术学报), 1999, 7(3): 267-270 (in Chinese)
[17] Wang F-L (王凤兰), Zhou H-G (周厚高), Huang Z-F (黄子峰), et al. Studies on the morphological indices of heat-resistance of lily (Lilium formolongi) leaf blade. Journal of Hubei Agricultural College (湖北农学院学报), 2004, 24(2): 102-105 (in Chinese)
[18] Lee DW, Bone RA, Tarsis SL, et al. Correlates of leaf optional properties in tropical forest sun and extreme-shade plants. American Journal of Botany, 1990, 7: 370-380
[19] Cai Y-L (蔡永立), Wang X-H (王希华), Song Y-C (宋永昌), et al. Anecoanatomical study on leaves of Cyclobalanopsis glauca populations in the eastern subtropical zone, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 1999, 19(6): 844-849 (in Chinese)
[20] Dinar M, Rudich J. Effect of heat stress on assimilate partitioning in tomato. Annals of Botany, 1985, 56: 239-248
[21] Liu Q (刘球), Wu J-Y (吴际友), Li Z-H (李志辉). Research progress of leaf anatomical structure of plants under drought stress. Hunan Forestry Science & Technology (湖南林业科技), 2015, 42(3): 101-104 (in Chinese)
[22] Wu L-J (吴丽君), Li Z-H (李志辉), Yang M-H (杨模华), et al. Response of leaf anatomical characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis gilva seedlings to drought stress. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(12): 3619-3626 (in Chinese)