Contribution of soil water at various depths to water consumption of rainfed winter wheat in the Loess tableland, China

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201707.007

Abstract

Abstract: Soil water and stem water were collected in jointing and heading stages of the rainfed winter wheat in the Changwu Loess tableland, and the stable isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen in water samples were measured to analyze the contribution of soil water at various depths to water consumption of winter wheat. The results showed that the isotopes were enriched in soil and wheat stem water in comparison with that in precipitation. Under the condition of no dry layer in soil profile, the contributions to wheat water consumption in jointing and heading stages were 5.4% and 2.6% from soil water at 0-30 cm depth, 73.4% and 67.3% at 60-90 cm depth (the main water source for winter wheat), and 7.9% and 13.5% below 120 cm depth, respectively. With the wheat growth, the contribution of soil water below the depth of 90 cm increased. It was concluded that soil evaporation mainly consumed soil water in 0-30 cm depth and wheat transpiration mainly consumed soil water below 60 cm depth in the experimental period. In the production practice, it is necessary to increase rainwater storage ratio during the summer fallow period, and apply reasonable combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in order to increase soil moisture before wheat sowing, promote the wheat root developing deep downwards and raise the deep soil water utilization ratio.

CHENG Li-ping, LIU Wen-zhao. Contribution of soil water at various depths to water consumption of rainfed winter wheat in the Loess tableland, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(7): 2285-2291.

References

[1] Li Y-S (李玉山), Yu B-P (喻宝屏). Effects of soil water storage in deep soil layers on yield of winter wheat. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 1980, 17(1): 43-54 (in Chinese)
[2] Schroth G. A review of belowground interactions in agroforestry, focussing on mechanisms and management options. Agroforestry Systems, 1998, 43: 5-34
[3] Dawson TE, Mambelli S, Plamboeck AH, et al. Stable isotopes in plant ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 2003, 33: 507-559
[4] White JW, Cook ER, Lawrence JR. The D/H ratios of sap in trees: Implications of water sources and tree ring D/H ratios. Geochimicaet Cosmochimica Acta, 1985, 49: 237-246
[5] Hugo RS, Leoneldasl S, Marceloz M, et al. Rainfall exclusion in an eastern Amazonian forest alters soil water movement and depth of water uptake. American Journal of Botany, 2005, 92: 443-455
[6] Phillips DL. Mixing models in analyses of diet using multiple stable isotopes: A critique. Oecologia, 2001, 127: 166-170
[7] Phillips DL, Gregg JW. Source partitioning using stable isotopes: Coping with too many sources. Oecologia, 2003, 136: 261-269
[8] Phillips DL, Koch PL. Incorporating concentration dependence in stable isotope mixing models. Oecologia, 2002, 130: 114-125
[9] Boecklen WJ, Yarnes CT, Cook BA, et al. On the use of stable isotopes in trophic ecology. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 2011, 42: 411-440
[10] Scholl M, Eugster W, Burkard R. Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests. Hydrological Processes, 2011, 25: 353-366
[11] Zeng Q (曾巧), Ma J-Y (马剑英). Plant water sources of different habitats and its environmental indication in Heihe River basin. Journal of Glaciology & Geocryology (冰川冻土), 2013, 35(1): 148-155 (in Chinese)
[12] Zhao L-J (赵良菊), Xiao H-L (肖洪浪), Cheng G-D (程国栋), et al. Preliminary study of water sources of riparian plants in the lower reaches of the Heihe basin. Acta Geoscientica Sinica (地球学报), 2008, 29(6): 709-718 (in Chinese)
[13] Zhou H (周海), Zheng X-J (郑新军), Tang L-S (唐立松), et al. Differences and similarities between water sources of Tamarix ramosissima, Nitraria sibirica and Reaumuria soongorica in the southeastern Junggar basin. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2013, 35(7): 665-673 (in Chinese)
[14] Gong G-L (巩国丽), Chen H (陈辉), Duan D-Y (段德玉). Comparison of the methods using stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope to distinguish the water source of Nitraria tangutorum. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2011, 24(24): 7533-7541 (in Chinese)
[15] Jia G-D (贾国栋), Yu X-X (余新晓), Deng W-P (邓文平), et al. Soil water use patterns of typical tree species in Beijing mountainous area. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering (应用基础与工程科学学报), 2013, 21(3): 403-411 (in Chinese)
[16] Zhang T-G (张铁钢), Li Z-B (李占彬), Li P (李鹏), et al. Response characteristics of soil water use patterns by different plants to precipitation in rocky mountainous areas. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(5): 1461-1467 (in Chinese)
[17] Nie Y-P (聂云鹏), Chen H-S (陈洪松), Wang K-L (王克林). Seasonal variation of water sources for plants growing on continuous rock outcrops in limestone area of Southwest China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2011, 35(10): 1029-1037 (in Chinese)
[18] Wang P-Y (王平元), Liu W-J (刘文杰), Li J-T (李金涛). Water use strategy of Ficus tinctoria in tropical rainforest region of Xishuangbanna, South-western China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2010, 21(4): 836-842 (in Chinese)
[19] Yuan J-J (苑晶晶), Yuan G-F (袁国富), Luo Y (罗毅), et al. Estimation of ground water use of winter wheat using δ¹⁸O signatures: A preliminary study. Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报), 2009, 24(2): 360-368 (in Chinese)
[20] Zhang C-Z (张丛志), Zhang J-B (张佳宝), Zhang H (张辉). Contribution of soil water at different depths in profile to winter wheat in Fengqiu in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2012, 49(4): 655-664 (in Chinese)
[21] Cheng L-P (程立平), Liu W-Z (刘文兆), Li Z (李志). Soil moisture distribution in deep layers and its response to different land use patterns on Loess tableland. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2014, 34(8): 1975-1983 (in Chinese)
[22] Cheng L-P (程立平), Liu W-Z (刘文兆). Characte-ristics of stable isotopes in soil water under typical land use patterns on the Loess tableland. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2012, 23(3): 651-658 (in Chinese)
[23] Mora G, Jahren AH. Isotopic evidence for the role of plant development on transpiration in deciduous forests of southern United States. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2003, 17: 11-13
[24] Li Y-S (李玉山). Effects of forest on water circle on the Loess Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报), 2001, 16(5): 427-432 (in Chinese)
[25] Cheng L-P (程立平), Liu W-Z (刘文兆). Soil moisture distribution in deep layers and its response to diffe-rent land use patterns on Loess tableland. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (农业工程学报), 2011, 27(9): 203-207 (in Chinese)
[26] Cheng LP, Liu WZ. Long term effects of farming system on soil water content and dry soil layer in deep loess profile of Loess tableland in China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2014, 13: 1382-1392
[27] Liu WZ, Zhang XC, Dang TH, et al. Soil water dyna-mics and deep soil recharge in a record wet year in the southern Loess Plateau of China. Agricultural Water Management, 2010, 97: 1133-1138
[28] Liu R-H (刘荣花), Zhu Z-X (朱自玺), Fang W-S (方文松), et al. Distribution pattern of winter wheat root system. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2008, 27(11): 2024-2027 (in Chinese)
[29] Pan X-L (潘幸来). A preliminary study on the relationship between root growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (山西农业大学学报), 1982, 2(1): 36-51 (in Chinese)
[30] Barraclough PB, Weir AH. Effects of a compacted subsoil layer on root and shoot growth, water use and nutrient uptake of winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, 1988, 110: 207-216
[31] Feng G-L (冯广龙), Liu C-M (刘昌明). Analysis of root system growth in relation to soil water extraction pattern by winter wheat under water-limiting conditions. Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报), 1998, 13(3): 235-241 (in Chinese)
[32] Li Y-S (李玉山). Fluctuation of yield on high-yield field and desiccation of the soil on dryland. Acta Pedologica Sinica (土壤学报), 2001, 38(3): 354-356 (in Chinese)
[33] Miao G-Y (苗果园), Gao Z-Q (高志强). Effect of water and fertilizer to root system and its correlation with tops in wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica (作物学报), 2002, 28(4): 445-450 (in Chinese)