Abstract: Soil nitrogen (N) cycling, one of the most important biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems, has significant environmental effects. However, little is known about how it responds to N deposition and precipitation changes. Here, we examined the main effects of N deposition (NF), rainfall reduction (RR) and their interactive effect (RF) on soil N cycling by N addition and transparent V-shaped board interception in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains. The responses of soil nitrification, denitrification, nitrifying functional genes (ammonia-oxidizing archaea AOA and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria AOB), denitrifying functional genes (nirK, nirS and nosZ) and N fixing function genes (nifH) to NF, RR and RF treatments were analyzed. We found significant positive correlations between nitrification and soil NH₄⁺-N, denitrification and and NO₃^--N, respectively. Soil nitrification and denitrification were not significantly influenced by the three treatments, while denitrification showed an obvious seasonal dynamics. Long-term RR treatment inhibited soil net nitrification, while NF and RF treatments promoted soil net nitrification; nifH and nosZ genes of bacteria were strong resistant to stress, and their diversity was not susceptible to the changes of N and rainfall. Under drought condition, nirK gene of soil bacteria was more susceptible to N deposition. AOA had a higher sensitivity to drought, while AOB had higher sensitivity to NF and RF treatments. The three treatments affected soil net nitrification and altered the diversity of AOB, AOA and nirK-harboring denitrifier in varying degrees, which might affect the release of N-containing gas and ecosystem services.