Abstract: We examined the variation of floral organs of Sausssurea przewalskii along altitude and its relationship with the number and mass of seeds from 12 populations in the northeastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. At the altitude of 3500-4500 m, the filament length, anther length, column length and style branch length were 0.52-1.01, 0.23-0.63, 0.74-1.58, and 0.11-0.22 cm, respectively. All the indices significantly increased with altitude, while the number of pollens (26.5×10⁴-73.5×10⁴) significantly decreased. There was a significant negative correlation between the lengths of filament, style, column branches and pollen numbers, and a significant positive correlation between column length and filament length. The number of seeds was negatively correlated with the lengths of filament, column and style branches, but positively correlated with the number of pollen. The hundred kernals weight was positively correlated with the length of the filament, column and style branches, and negatively correlated with the number of pollen. With the increases of altitude, S. przewalskii extends the length of flower organs to increase the pollen carrying capacity and input of insects in the flowering period, and produces large seeds with more competitive advantage and survival rate in fruiting stage to improve its fitness.