Effects of sowing modes on soil water dynamics and grain protein formation in dryland wheat

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.030

Abstract

Abstract: In order to clarify the mechanisms underlying dryland wheat quality improvement through sowing technology, the effects of wide space sowing (WSS), furrow sowing (FS), and drill sowing (DS) on soil moisture dynamics and grain protein formation in dryland wheat field were studied in Wenxi, Shanxi Province in 2017-2018 (normal year) and 2018-2019 (dry year). The results showed that compared with the DS, FS significantly increased soil water storage in the 0-200 cm depth at anthesis stage (8.2%-18.7%), and increased the soil water storage in 0-60 cm layer during the two years, 60-120 cm layer in normal year, and 120-200 cm layer in dry year. WSS significantly increased soil water storage in 0-200 cm layer at anthesis stage in normal year (5.2%). Compared with DS, FS significantly increased water consumption of anthesis to mature stage, while WSS significantly increased water consumption from sowing to anthesis stage in dry year. Compared with DS, the glutamine synthetase (GS) activity of grains at 15-35 days after anthesis was significantly increased by FS and WSS, while the glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of flag leaves and grains at 5-35 days after anthesis was significantly increased by FS in the dry year. Compared with DS, FS significantly increased grain yield by 20.4%-44.8%, grain protein yield by 25%-49%, and increased grain albumin and globulin contents. WSS significantly increased grain yield by 9%-40%, and increased grain gliadin content. Under different sowing modes of dryland wheat, GS and GOGAT activities in flag leaves and grains after anthesis were significantly correlated with water consumption at anthesis to maturity stage. There were significant correlations between GS and GOGAT activities in flag leaves and grains and 0-120 cm soil layers in the normal water year, and between GS and GOGAT activities and 0-60 cm, 120-200 cm soil layers in the dry year. The contents of grain albumin, globulin and total protein were significantly correlated with soil water storage in 0-60 cm layer at anthesis stage, as well as soil water storage in 120-200 cm layer at anthesis stage in the dry year. In conclusion, FS was beneficial to increasing soil water storage at anthesis and water consumption after anthesis of dryland wheat, improving GS and GOGAT activities of flag leaf and grain, with positive consequences on yield and grain protein content. In addition, deep water storage was more conducive to quality improvement in the late growth period in the dry year.

Key words: dryland wheat, furrow sowing, soil water consumption, nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity, grain protein.

ZHAO Qing-ling, SUN Min, LIN Wen, REN Ai-xia, WANG Zhi-xin, ZHANG Rong-rong, LI Lei, GAO Zhi-qiang. Effects of sowing modes on soil water dynamics and grain protein formation in dryland wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(11): 3977-3987.

References 35

[1]	Zhang SL. Water use efficiency of dryland wheat in the Loess Plateau in response to soil and crop management. Field Crops Research, 2013, 151: 9-18
[2]	Li H, Xue JF, Gao ZQ, et al. Response of yield increase for dryland winter wheat to tillage practice during summer fallow and sowing method in the Loess Plateau of China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2018, 17: 817-825
[3]	岳俊芹, 邵运辉, 陈远凯, 等. 播种方式对土壤温度和水分及小麦产量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2006, 26(5): 140-142 [Yue J-Q, Shao Y-H, Chen Y-K, et al. Effect of different planting ways on soil temperature and water and wheat yield. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2006, 26(5): 140-142]
[4]	郑飞娜, 初金鹏, 张秀, 等. 播种方式与种植密度互作对大穗型小麦品种产量和氮素利用率的调控效应. 作物学报, 2020, 46(3): 423-431 [Zheng F-N, Chu J-P, Zhang X, et al. Interactive effects of sowing pattern and planting density on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in large spike wheat cultivar. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2020, 46(3): 423-431]
[5]	Chetan F, Chetan C, Moraru IP, et al. The reaction of some winter wheat variety at cultivation in the conservative system in the Transylvanian Plain area. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2016, 73: 176-182
[6]	李朝苏, 汤永禄, 吴春, 等. 播种方式对稻茬小麦生长发育及产量建成的影响. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(18): 36-43 [Li C-S, Tang Y-L, Wu C, et al. Effect of sowing patterns on growth, development and yield formation of wheat in rice stubble land. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2012, 28(18): 36-43]
[7]	曹建明. 四种小麦播种模式的比较试验. 基层农技推广, 2017(12): 15-19 [Cao J-M. Comparative experiment of four wheat sowing modes. Primary Agricultural Technology Extension, 2017(12): 15-19]
[8]	董飞, 闫秋艳, 杨峰, 等. 播种方式对不同灌溉条件下冬小麦产量及土壤水热条件的影响. 河南农业科学, 2020, 49(4): 7-14 [Dong F, Yan Q-Y, Yang F, et al. Effects of sowing method on winter wheat yield and soil hydrothermal conditions under different irrigation conditions. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 49(4): 7-14]
[9]	刘小丽, 王凯, 杨珍平, 等. 播期与播种方式的不同配套对一年两作区旱地冬小麦农艺性状及产量的影响. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(2): 232-238 [Liu X-L, Wang K, Yang Z-P, et al. Effect of different sowing dates and sowing methods on agronomic characters and yield of dry land winter wheat in two-cropping areas. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2018, 33(2): 232-238]
[10]	初金鹏, 朱文美, 尹立俊, 等. 宽幅播种对冬小麦‘泰农18’产量和氮素利用率的影响. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(8): 2517-2524 [Chu J-P, Zhu W-M, Yin L-J, et al. Effects of wide-range planting on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat cultivar Tainong 18. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(8): 2517-2524]
[11]	李世莹, 冯伟, 王永华, 等. 宽幅播种带间距对冬小麦冠层特征及产量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(8): 758-767 [Li S-Y, Feng W, Wang Y-H, et al. Effects of spacing interval of wide bed planting on canopy characteristics and yield in winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(8): 758-767]
[12]	李拴良, 任长宏, 格桑曲珍, 等. 宽幅硬茬播种对冬小麦生长、产量及品质的效应. 麦类作物学报, 2015, 35(1): 80-85 [Li S-L, Ren C-H, Ge S-Q-Z, et al. Effect of no-tilled wide planting pattern on growth, yield and quality of winter wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2015, 35(1): 80-85]
[13]	Guo SL, Zhu HH, Dang TH, et al. Winter wheat grain yield associated with precipitation distribution under long-term nitrogen fertilization in the semiarid Loess Plateau in China. Geoderma, 2012, 189-190: 442-450
[14]	Xue LZ, Khan S, Sun M, et al. Effects of tillage practices on water consumption and grain yield of dryland winter wheat under different precipitation distribution in the Loess Plateau of China. Soil and Tillage Research, 2019, 191: 66-74
[15]	Zheng CF, Jiang D, Liu FL, et al. Exogenous nitric oxide improves seed germination in wheat against mitochondrial oxidative damage induced by high salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2009, 67: 222-227
[16]	孙敏, 高志强, 赵维峰, 等. 休闲期深松配施氮肥对旱地土壤水分及小麦籽粒蛋白质积累的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(7): 1286-1295 [Sun M, Gao Z-Q, Zhao W-F, et al. Effect of subsoiling in fallow period and nitrogen application on soil moisture and grain protein accumulation in dryland wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(7): 1286-1295]
[17]	Lin CC, Kao CH. Disturbed ammonium assimilation is associated with growth inhibition of roots in rice seedlings caused by NaCl. Plant Growth Regulation, 1996, 18: 233-238
[18]	Lu B, Yuan Y, Zhang C, et al. Modulation of key enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation and carbon metabolism by low temperature in rice (Oryza sativa L.) roots. Plant Science, 2005, 169: 295-302
[19]	田欣, 孙敏, 高志强, 等. 播期播量对旱地小麦土壤水分消耗和植株氮素运转的影响. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(10): 3443-3451 [Tian X, Sun M, Gao Z-Q, et al. Effects of sowing date and seeding rate on soil water consumption and plant nitrogen translocation in dry land wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(10): 3443-3451]
[20]	陈辉林, 田霄鸿, 王晓峰, 等. 不同栽培模式对渭北旱塬区冬小麦生长期间土壤水分、温度及产量的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(9):2424-2433 [Chen H-L, Tian X-H, Wang X-F, et al. Effects of different cultivation models on soil water, soil temperature and yield during the winter wheat growth in the Weibei dry highland. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(9): 2424-2433]
[21]	李吾强, 温晓霞, 高茂盛, 等. 半湿润区旱作起垄覆膜沟播小麦的水分及生理效应研究. 西北农业学报, 2008, 17(5): 146-151 [Li W-Q, Wen X-X, Gao M-S, et al. Studies on water and physiological effect of winter wheat with plastic film mulching in semiarid farmland. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Occidentalis Sinica, 2008, 17(5): 146-151]
[22]	赵杰, 林文, 孙敏, 等. 休闲期深翻和探墒沟播对旱地小麦水氮资源利用的影响. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(4): 1307-1316 [Zhao J, Lin W, Sun M, et al. Effects of deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing on water and nitrogen resource utilization of dryland wheat. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(4): 1307-1316]
[23]	孙婷, 张迪, 王冀川, 等. 滴灌水氮运筹对南疆春小麦根系生长及产量的影响. 干旱地区农业研究, 2020, 38(2): 10-20 [Sun T, Zhang D, Wang J-C, et al. Effects of drip irrigation and nitrogen application on root growth and yield of spring wheat in Southern Xinjiang. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2020, 38(2): 10-20]
[24]	王鑫皓, 王云琦, 马超, 等.根系构型对土壤渗透性能的影响. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(4): 73-82 [Wang X-H, Wang Y-Q, Ma C, et al. Effect of root architecture on soil permeability. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 16(4): 73-82]
[25]	赵刚, 樊廷录, 李兴茂, 等. 宽幅播种旱作冬小麦幅间距与基因型对产量和水分利用效率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181 [Zhao G, Fan T-L, Li X-M, et al. Effects of wide-range distance and genotype on yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(11): 2171-2181]
[26]	刘怡云. 小麦宽幅精量播种技术示范. 农业工程技术, 2018, 38(26): 78 [Lui Y-Y. Demonstration of wide precision sowing technology of wheat. Agricultural Engineering Technology, 2018, 38(26): 78]
[27]	李文阳, 闫素辉, 王振林. 强筋与弱筋小麦籽粒蛋白质组分与加工品质对灌浆期弱光的响应. 生态学报, 2012, 32(1): 265-273 [Li W-Y, Yan S-H, Wang Z-L. Comparison of grain protein components and processing quality in responses to dim light during grain filling between strong and weak gluten wheat cultivars. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(1): 265-273]
[28]	张慧芋, 孙敏, 高志强, 等. 旱地麦田深松蓄水和覆盖播种土壤水分变化与小麦籽粒蛋白质含量的关系. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(15): 40-51 [Zhang H-Y, Sun M, Gao Z-Q, et al. Relationship between soil water variation, wheat yield and grain protein and its components contents under sub-soiling during the fallow period plus mulched-sowing. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(15): 40-51]
[29]	许振柱, 于振文, 王东, 等. 灌溉条件对小麦籽粒蛋白质组分积累及其品质的影响. 作物学报, 2003, 29(5): 682-687 [Xu Z-Z, Yu Z-W, Wang D, et al. Effect of irrigation conditions on protein composition accumulation of grain and its quality in winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2003, 29(5): 682-687]
[30]	Wang F, Gao J, Liu Y, et al. Higher ammonium transamination capacity can alleviate glutamate inhibition on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root growth under high ammonium stress. PLoS One, 2016, 11(8): e0160997, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160997
[31]	王小燕, 于振文. 不同小麦品种主要品质性状及相关酶活性研究. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(10): 1980-1988 [Wang X-Y, Yu Z-W. Differences in characteristics of quality and related enzymes activity of different wheat cultivars. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(10): 1980-1988]
[32]	马新明, 李琳, 赵鹏, 等. 土壤水分对强筋小麦‘豫麦34’氮素同化酶活性和籽粒品质的影响. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(1): 48-53 [Ma X-M, Li L, Zhao P, et al. Effect of water control on activities of nitrogen assimi-lation enzymes and grain quality in winter wheat. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(1): 48-53]
[33]	赵鹏, 熊淑萍, 李琳, 等. 土壤水分对不同筋力型小麦花后旗叶氮素同化酶活性和籽粒蛋白质含量的影响. 麦类作物学报, 2009, 29(3): 447-452 [Zhao P, Xiong S-P, Li L, et al. Effect of soil moisture levels on activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes in post-anthesis flag leaves and grain protein content of different gluten content of wheat. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2009, 29(3): 447-452]
[34]	姜东, 戴廷波, 荆奇, 等. 长期定位施肥对小麦旗叶膜脂过氧化作用及GS活性的影响. 作物学报, 2004, 30(12): 1232-1236 [Jiang D, Dai T-B, Jing Q, et al. Effects of long-term fertilization in fixed plots on cell membrane lipid peroxidation and GS activity in flag leaf of winter wheat. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 30(12): 1232-1236]
[35]	戴廷波, 邹铁祥, 荆奇, 等. 氮、钾水平对小麦籽粒蛋白质合成关键酶活性的影响. 生态学报, 2009, 29(9): 4976-4982 [Dai T-B, Zou T-X, Jing Q, et al. Effects of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on key regulation enzyme activities involved in grain protein formation in winter wheat. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(9): 4976-4982]